{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from a march held in Atlanta, Georgia on January 14, 1966, marchers protest the Georgia legislature's refusal to allow Julian Bond to serve in the House of Representatives, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaks to the demonstrators. Chanting \"Freedom!\" as they march, the crowd follows cars with headlights on; the marchers are bundled up in warm clothes. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King walk with the demonstrators who wave and cheer as they surround the capitol building. The group is also seen in front of Central Presbyterian Church, across the street from the capitol building. An African American man, seen from behind, appears to speak to state troopers. King's comments from a podium in front of the crowd are not completely recorded. He declares the participants \"reaffirm the sacred right of freedom of speech and the right to dissent\" before the clip breaks. He asserts that as people who love America, demonstrators will seek moral representatives in government and encourage morality in the country. The crowd cheers as he repeats the refrain \"we love America.\"  The clip returns to a silent section, showing crowds in front of the capitol building, people stepping over discarded handbills, and troopers lined up on the steps to keep people out of the building. Troopers in helmets watch as demonstrators cheer and walk into city hall. Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) communications director, was elected to the 136th district of the Georgia legislature in November 1965, one of ten African Americans elected to the legislature that year. After Bond publicly endorsed the SNCC anti-Vietnam statement and said he respected those who burned their draft cards, members of the House of Representatives voted one hundred eighty-four to twelve to not allow Bond to serve in the House on January 10, the first day of the legislative session. Later that year the United States Supreme Court ruled that Bond's statement was within his first amendment rights, and the Georgia legislature had to seat him. Bond served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49971"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Police, State--Georgia","Legislators--Georgia","African Americans--Politics and government","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregationists--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49971, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1346, 22:06/24:31, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 25 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49969","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a press conference during which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. criticizes the Georgia Legislature for not seating Julian Bond in the House of Representatives in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-01-13"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia on January 13, 1966, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. criticizes the Georgia legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to take his place in the House of Representatives. The clip begins with a silent portion where Dr. King appears to speak, reporters take notes, and the camera shows a reel-to-reel recorder. King begins to speak, but his comments are not completely recorded before a break in the audio. When King speaks again, he condemns the legislature's refusal to allow Julian Bond to serve as an act with \"obvious racial overtones.\"  King asserts that many of those in the legislature are the same people who \"through irresponsible statements and actions\" encouraged a riot at the University of Georgia. It was also members of the legislature who, in 1954, urged \"defying, evading, and circumventing the United States Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation in the public schools.\"  The University of Georgia riot King refers occurred on January 11, 1961 riot when students protested the university's integration by throwing rocks and bottles at the dormitory of Charlayne Hunter, the first female African American student on campus. Georgia legislators also worked to keep Georgia schools segregated after the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling. In November 1965 Julian Bond was elected to the serve as the representative from the 136th district in the Georgia House of Representatives. Julian Bond, SNCC communications director, was elected to the 136th district of the Georgia legislature in November 1965, one of ten African Americans elected to the legislature that year. After Bond publicly endorsed the SNCC anti-Vietnam statement and said he respected those who burned their draft cards, members of the House of Representatives voted one hundred eighty-four to twelve to not allow Bond to serve in the House on January 10, the first day of the legislative session. Later that year the United States Supreme Court ruled that Bond's statement was within his first amendment rights, and the Georgia legislature had to seat him. Bond served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49969"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","Segregationists--Georgia","College integration--Georgia--Athens--History","Segregation in higher education--Georgia","School integration--Georgia--History"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a press conference during which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. criticizes the Georgia Legislature for not seating Julian Bond in the House of Representatives in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49969"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49969"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-01-13"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49969, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a press conference during which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. criticizes the Georgia Legislature for not seating Julian Bond in the House of Representatives in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1346, 20:33/21:51, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 18 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Interviews","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49968","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. condemning the Georgia state legislature for refusing to seat Julian Bond at a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-01-13"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia on January 13, 1966, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. condemns the Georgia legislature for its refusal to seat Julian Bond for his support of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's (SNCC) position against the Vietnam War. The clip's audio track is inconsistent; some comments may not be completely recorded.  Dr. King recognizes the constitutional right to dissent and cites the founding fathers as historical precedent. He \"finds it alarming and disturbing to find our nation moving on an obviously unalterable course when dissent is equated with disloyalty.\"  King proposes that America's greatness comes through the right to free speech. He criticizes the Georgian legislature for implying \"the people of Fulton County's 136th district cannot decide who is to represent them in this body.\"  Pointing out that over eighty-two percent of voters in the district voted for Julian Bond, King calls upon governor Carl Sanders to reschedule an election to fill the vacant legislative seat and upon people of good will--both white and black--to engage in \"creative protest.\"  King indicates some of his interest in the legislative situation comes from his work promoting voting among African Americans; also as a resident of the 136th district, he is concerned that the vacant seat be filled in a timely manner. Demonstrating his concern, he intends to update his voting registration that day. In addition to possible direct action protests, King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) support legal action to assist Julian Bond. An unidentified man off camera announces a fifteen minute break, and the clip pauses.  After the break, King presents direct action and legal action as a dual approach by the SCLC as a way to \"dramatize the issue,\" giving citizens a chance \"to participate and to express their outrage and their indignation.\"  A reporter begins to ask a question, but the sound stops; King mentions that the legislature does not have to be in session for protests to occur. Several unseen reporters try to ask questions before a break in the clip, after which discussion moves to the SNCC statement condemning the war in Vietnam. When asked if he endorses the SNCC statement, King, who repeatedly spoke out against the war, endorses the statement \"in principle.\"  Citing the multi-faceted drain on the country, King encourages the federal administration to support peace; noting President Johnson's engagement in peace moves. An unidentified reporter off-screen seeks to clarify King's reaction to the SNCC statement which labeled the United States as an \"aggressor.\" King declines to argue semantics with the reporter and refuses to take a position for the SCLC without consulting the executive board. Asked if Bond would have been elected if he had spoken out against the war before the election, King replies that he doesn't believe voters would have punished Bond for his position and outlines a possible timeline for a special election to replace Julian Bond. King discusses those who agree with Bond in protesting the war, including himself and \"many outstanding congressmen,\" although he says he does not know enough about the opinion of African Americans in Atlanta in relation to the war to anticipate their reaction. King also clarifies his position relative to the draft; while he has never advocated evading the draft, he does support the right of conscious objectors to have alternative service. Continuing, he proposes that the country should recognize the work of the Civil Rights movement as valuable enough to be an alternative to military service. Several reporters attempt to ask questions, and King stresses unity with other civil rights leaders in Atlanta on the issue of Julian Bond in the legislature. The clip ends with an unidentified man off-screen thanking the reporters for their time.  Julian Bond, SNCC communications director, was elected to the 136th district of the Georgia legislature in November 1965, one of ten African Americans elected to the legislature that year. After Bond publicly endorsed the SNCC anti-Vietnam statement and said he respected those who burned their draft cards, members of the House of Representatives voted 184 to twelve to not allow him to serve in the House on January 10, the first day of the legislative session. Later that year the United States Supreme Court ruled that Bond's statement was within his first amendment rights, and the Georgia legislature had to seat him. Bond served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49968"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion","Public opinion--United States","African Americans--Attitudes--Georgia--Atlanta","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Georgia","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","Presidents--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. condemning the Georgia state legislature for refusing to seat Julian Bond at a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49968"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49968"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-01-13"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49968, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. condemning the Georgia state legislature for refusing to seat Julian Bond at a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 13, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1346, 4:57/15:11, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 10 mins., 14 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Interviews","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn50270","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. commenting on the United States' Congress failure to pass equal housing legislation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-00-00"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Atlanta, Georgia in the fall of 1966 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. comments on the United States' Congress failure to pass legislation guaranteeing equal access to housing. King declares that \"America has not come to terms on its conscious on the whole question of housing integration.\"  He points to the defeat of the civil rights legislation before the 1966 Congress as an illustration of the North's hypocrisy towards race relations. King criticizes northern legislators such as Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen for supporting congressional legislation aimed at southern problems but avoiding legislation that would influence race relations in the north.\u003cp\u003eAlthough fair housing legislation was considered and failed to pass in 1966 or in 1967, after the April 4, 1968 assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. President Lyndon B. Johnson urged Congress to pass fair housing legislation as at tribute to Dr. King; the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was signed on April 11, 1968, two days after King's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn50270"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Discrimination in housing--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--Northeastern States--Attitudes","United States--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. commenting on the United States' Congress failure to pass equal housing legislation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn50270"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn50270"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-00-00"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn50270, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. commenting on the United States' Congress failure to pass equal housing legislation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1353, 00:00/00:43, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 43 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Dirksen, Everett McKinley"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48843","title":"Black Male Wonders where City will Relocate 966 Families","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Grier,"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-11-22"],"dcterms_description":["Black Male Wonders where City will Relocate 966 Families","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48843"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Employees--Relocation","Family","Blacks","Housing"],"dcterms_title":["Black Male Wonders where City will Relocate 966 Families"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48843"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48843"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-11-22"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48843, Black Male Wonders where City will Relocate 966 Families, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1319, 4:33/04:56, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 23 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49023","title":"White Children Fill Buses to be Transported to Black Schools","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-11-18"],"dcterms_description":["White Children Fill Buses to be Transported to Black Schools","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49023"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Whites","Education","Blacks","Buses","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["White Children Fill Buses to be Transported to Black Schools"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49023"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49023"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-11-18"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49023, White Children Fill Buses to be Transported to Black Schools, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1322, 13:10/14:20, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 10 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48995","title":"Roosevelt Meets Elderly Adults; Comments on Discrimination in the U.S.","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr. (Franklin Delano), 1914-1988"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Atlanta Metropolitan Area, 33.8498, 84.4383"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-11-12"],"dcterms_description":["Roosevelt Meets Elderly Adults; Comments on Discrimination in the U.S.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48995"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Stadiums","Older people","Discrimination"],"dcterms_title":["Roosevelt Meets Elderly Adults; Comments on Discrimination in the U.S."],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48995"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48995"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-11-12"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48995, Roosevelt Meets Elderly Adults; Comments on Discrimination in the U.S., WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1321, 40:48/42:04, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 16 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48893","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking about ongoing discrimination and the benefits of nonviolence, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 November 10","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Dallas County, Selma, 32.40736, -87.0211","United States, Alabama, Lowndes County, Hayneville, 32.18403, -86.58025","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-11-10"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from November 10, 1965,  Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers a speech before the Atlanta Press Club, where he addresses racism in the Southern justice system, tokenism in desegregation practices, and affirms his conviction in nonviolent direct action. The audio quality of the clip is poor.","The clip is divided into two segments. The first segment of the clip begins with King addressing the audience (off-camera) at an Atlanta Press Club meeting. He states that recent events in Lowndes County, Alabama, \"suggest that the whole structure of Southern justice is contaminated with racism and corrupted by color consciousness,\" a reference to the recent acquittal of Klansman Collie Leroy Wilkins, the accused killer of civil rights activist Viola Liuzzo, by an all-white jury in Hayneville, Alabama. King suggests that the system needs \"drastic alteration.\"","After a jump in the clip, King proposes the adoption of a \"Selma-Montgomery-type\" model of nonviolent direct action in order to \"arouse the conscience of the nation,\" noting that he and others are prepared to initiate this activity. He states that he is still convinced that nonviolent direct action protest is the best way to \"improve the inadequacies existing in the American social system\" and notes that nonviolent resistance wears down on the opponent of such tactics because it \"exposes his moral defenses, weakens his morale, and at the same time, it works on his conscience.\" He further endorses nonviolent resistance by adding that \"it also makes it possible for the individual to struggle to secure moral ends through moral means.\"","The second segment of the clip begins with silent b-roll footage of the Atlanta Press Club event. There are several shots of the audience, the dais, where Andrew Young and King's secretary Dora McDonald are seated next to King, and the Atlanta Press club banner interspersed with several seconds of King speaking from the podium without any audio track. After a break in the clip, the camera closes in on King; the audio track resumes as King continues to address the audience. King challenges institutions and administrators who purport to practice desegregation, but are in fact resisting it by practicing tokenism. He refers to this obstruction as a \"sophisticated form of delay\" and \"one of the most difficult problems that our movement confronts.\" The clip jumps several times and truncates King's further comments.","On November 10, 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. addressed the Atlanta Press Club, a newly-formed organization of Atlanta-area journalists. Speaking on behalf of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King criticized the Department of Justice for weak enforcement of both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965; an absence of much-needed federal intervention was keenly felt in voter registration drives throughout rural Alabama and Mississippi, areas with a longstanding history of violent retribution against African Americans attempting to exercise their civil rights. He pledged to direct SCLC's efforts to these regions of the South. King also declared that SCLC would organize mass protests in order to shed light on racial injustice in the legal system. Of primary concern was the ability of state and local legislators to establish qualifications for jurors and jury service, which enabled segregationists to uphold racist practices in the courtroom. King advocated reforms that included a federal standard for jurors, the supervision of jury selection by federal officials, and the employment of African Americans at all levels of state and local law enforcement agencies. At this speech, King also sought the enactment of federal legislation that would make the murder or intimidation of civil rights activists a federal crime.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48893"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Nonviolence--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Secretaries--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Murder--Alabama","African Americans--Crimes against--Alabama","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama","Women--Violence against--Alabama","Women--Crimes against--Alabama","Jury--Alabama","Jury--Qualifications--Alabama","Jury--Supervision of--Alabama","Jury selection--Alabama","Justice","Social justice--Southern States","Voter registration--Mississippi","Voter registration--Alabama","Intervention (Federal government)--Alabama","Justice, Administration of--United States","Justice, Administration of--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--United States","Courts--Officials and employees","Courts--Rules and practice","Courts--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Officials and employees--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Rules and practice--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Southern States","Trials--Southern States","Trials (Civil rights)--Southern States","Trials (Hate crimes)--Alabama--Hayneville","Hate crimes--Alabama","Trials--Alabama--Hayneville","Trials (Murder)--Alabama--Hayneville","Trials (Civil rights)--Alabama--Hayneville","Government, Resistance to--Southern States","Prejudices--Southern States","Race discrimination--Alabama--Hayneville","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--United States","Segregation--Southern States","Segregation--Law and legislation","Segregationists","Southern States--Race relations","Southern States--Social conditions","Southern States--Social conditions--1945-","Justice, Administration of--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights--Southern States","Race discrimination--Southern States","Racism--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Alabama","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Violence against--Alabama--Selma","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Prejudices--Alabama--Hayneville","Racism--Alabama--Hayneville","United States--Race relations","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Selma","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama--Selma","Civil rights workers--Violence against--Alabama--Selma","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Offenses against the person--Alabama--Selma","Nonviolence","Nonviolence--Religious aspects","Passive resistance","Direct action","Clubs--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Alabama--Social conditions--20th century","Hayneville (Ala.)--Race relations","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking about ongoing discrimination and the benefits of nonviolence, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 November 10"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 35 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48746","title":"Discussion of Court Ruling Requiring School System to Develop a Desegregation Plan","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Pell,"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-13"],"dcterms_description":["Discussion of Court Ruling Requiring School System to Develop a Desegregation Plan","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48746"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Education","Legislation","Segregation","Courts","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Discussion of Court Ruling Requiring School System to Develop a Desegregation Plan"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48746"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48746"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-13"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48746, Discussion of Court Ruling Requiring School System to Develop a Desegregation Plan, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1317, 32:59/34:32, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 33 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39376","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protesting continued school segregation in Crawfordville, Taliferro County, Georgia, 1965 October 5","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-05"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on October 5, 1965, African American students protest continued school segregation at the bus stop for white students, at the county's former white school, and by holding a nighttime march.","The clip begins with a brief image of African American students sitting on the lawn in front of a building. Next, a Taliaferro County school bus drives down a street, and Georgia Highway Patrolmen watch the bus as it drives by. Other patrolmen surround a group of African American high school students who are protesting continued school segregation in the county. White students watch the patrolmen and African American students through the school bus window as it drives by. After eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the African American Murden High School to the white Alexander Stephens Institute as part of scheduled school desegregation, all of the white students from the county transferred to schools in neighboring counties, and the county school board closed the white school. All this was done without telling the African American students; by the time the African American students found out, school registration in neighboring counties had already closed. The African American students protested the transfers and avoidance of school desegregation by gathering every morning at the bus stop where white students boarded buses to travel to school in neighboring counties. The African American students were kept off the buses by Georgia Highway Patrolmen who were sent to Crawfordville to maintain law and order.","After a break in the clip, the camera again focuses on the African American students standing in a cluster surrounded by highway patrolmen. Later, the students still gather together as the patrolmen stand in a group with their backs to the students. One of the students wears a jacket with the slogan \"Freedom S.C.L.C.\" written on the back; a patrolman wears a \"Georgia State Patrol\" patch on his shoulder. Next, white students get out of cars stopped at an intersection and walk toward the house being used as a bus stop. The white students pass patrolmen who stand in front of the African American students. At one point, the camera focuses again on the patrolmen. The image is fuzzy for a few moments. The clip breaks again, and the patrolmen continue to surround the African American students as the group moves around. Patrolmen also stand in front of students and appear to take notes or write tickets. One patrolman stands in front of an African American young man. He asks the boy his age and address. After this exchange, the patrolmen walk away, and the African American students walk the other direction towards cars parked along the side of the road. The students get into cars and drive away.","Next, the African American students march along the outside of the Alexander Stephens Institute, the white school the county closed that fall. The students sing, \"Give me that old time religion\" as they march. The students walk under an awning surrounding the building and then gather in front of the school. Someone directs the students to sit down outside the building. Later a man talks about the future of the school, warning that the county may continue to bus white children to surrounding counties and sell the building or tear it down. He then instructs the students to \"get comfortable\" and look at the books they brought or share with someone who brought a book. One girl reads an article in the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. African American students who had applied for transfer to the county's white school also protested the school's closing by refusing to attend Murden High School and holding a \"Freedom School\" under the direction of volunteers from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).","Finally, the clip ends with silent scenes of a nighttime demonstration. African American demonstrators, including students, appear to listen to speakers and later appear to clap. A white patrolman in a helmet and a white man speak to the demonstrators at one point. An African American man wearing a jean jacket, possibly a member of SCLC delegation,  also speaks to the crowd. A contingent of the SCLC spent time during the summer and fall of 1965 in Crawfordville under the direction of Hosea Williams as part of the SCOPE (Summer Community Organization and Political Education) project. They continued to try and help the African America community in Crawfordville throughout the demonstrations that fall. Later on, African Americans leave a building and head into the darkness. A white man speaks to an African American man who appears to be leading the demonstration. Two African American men stand together and listen to a radio. The demonstrators walk in the darkness and appear to be singing. Following a break in the clip the demonstrators, both African American and a few whites, march in the darkness; two young boys walk with a blanket over their shoulders. The clip ends with a patrolman directing the marchers.","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community, began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated for use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39376"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Crawfordville","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Crawfordville","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Crawfordville","Buses--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Freedom schools--Georgia--Crawfordville"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protesting continued school segregation in Crawfordville, Taliferro County, Georgia, 1965 October 5"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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