{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58913","title":"Speaker at Clark College Says Desegregation has Become \"Resegregation\" and the Cause of the Blacks has Regressed","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-02-24"],"dcterms_description":["Speaker at Clark College Says Desegregation has Become \"Resegregation\" and the Cause of the Blacks has Regressed","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58913"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Blacks","Discrimination","Segregation","Politics and government","Education","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Speaker at Clark College Says Desegregation has Become \"Resegregation\" and the Cause of the Blacks has Regressed"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58873"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58873"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970-02-19"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58873, Georgia Congressman Fletcher Thompson commends public on peaceful lobbying against busing., WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1618, 37:51/38:13, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 22 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58853","title":"Georgia Representative Bond Speaks of Regressive Trend in Georgia Legislators Concerning Desegregation","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Bond, Julian, 1940-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-02-18"],"dcterms_description":["Georgia Representative Bond Speaks of Regressive Trend in Georgia Legislators Concerning Desegregation","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58853"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Legislation","Education","Zoning","Politics and government","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Georgia Representative Bond Speaks of Regressive Trend in Georgia Legislators Concerning Desegregation"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58853"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58853"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970-02-18"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58853, Georgia Representative Bond Speaks of Regressive Trend in Georgia Legislators Concerning Desegregation, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1618, 1:02/02:20, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 18 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58843","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governors Lester Maddox of Georgia and John Bell Williams of Mississippi speaking to reporters about a strategy to end forced school busing after a meeting with Southern senators in Washington, D.C., 1970 February 17","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Williams, John Bell, 1918-1983"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637","United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-02-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from February 17, 1970 Georgia governor Lester Maddox and Mississippi governor John Bell Williams speak to reporters about education after meeting with Southern senators in Richard Russell's office to map a new strategy to end forced school busing. The clip begins with Mississippi governor John Bell Williams answering reporters' questions. Williams suggests that not allowing a child to choose the school she attends violates that child's civil rights. He says he will not meet with anyone from the White House while he is in Washington, D.C.; the clip breaks and the end of a reporter's question is not recorded. Reporters next speak to Georgia governor Lester Maddox and ask him about balancing the rate of school integration in the North and in the South. Maddox says he supports neighborhood schools throughout the country, regardless of integration status, and is hopeful that others in the country agree with his position. When asked what was discussed in meetings, Maddox refers to school integration as a problem in much of the nation, not just the Southeast. Maddox believes that freedom of choice is an essential part of freedom. He reports that efforts around the country are being coordinated and appreciates that others in the country feel the same way about freedom. He concludes by emphasizing that Southerners oppose the loss of freedom of choice more than integration. Macon city and Bibb County schools were first desegregated by United States district court judge William A. Bootle in 1964. Although African Americans sought to increase the pace of desegregation, the Bibb county school board implemented a \"Freedom of choice\" plan, allowing African American parents to request school transfers although relatively few were granted. In late 1969 judge Bootle approved the school board's freedom of choice plan only to be reversed by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in December which ordered a full integration and faculty merger by the beginning of the 1970 school year. Responding to a petition by the Macon branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the United States Supreme Court ordered full integration without additional delays on January 14, 1970. A compromise plan approved by judge Bootle required immediate integration of elementary schools and desegregation of middle and high schools by the end of the year. Parents opposed to the integration plan invited Georgia governor Lester Maddox to speak at a Macon rally where he encouraged parents to keep their children home from school rather than accept the integration plan. The February 16 integration took place without violence, although nearly five hundred parents, including mayor Thompson, refused to take their children to the newly-assigned schools.  After a week of parents taking their children to the old schools, judge Bootle issued a restraining order blocking schools from issuing credit to students who were not assigned to that school and creating the possibility of fines and imprisonment for uncooperative parents. Mayor Thompson announced his decision to obey court orders, encouraging others to do the same, and filed a lawsuit which continued the fight for \"freedom of choice\" schools.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58843"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Governors--Mississippi","Legislators--United States","Segregation in education--Georgia","Segregation in education--Mississippi","School integration--Georgia","School integration--Mississippi","School children--Civil rights--Georgia","School children--Civil rights--Mississippi","Reporters and reporting--Washington (D.C.)","Press conferences--Washington (D.C.)","Intervention (Federal government)--Mississippi","Intervention (Federal government)--Georgia","Federal government--Georgia","Federal government--Mississippi","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Mississippi","Busing for school integration--Law and legislation--United States","School choice--Law and legislation--United States"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governors Lester Maddox of Georgia and John Bell Williams of Mississippi speaking to reporters about a strategy to end forced school busing after a meeting with Southern senators in Washington, D.C., 1970 February 17"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58843"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58843"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970-02-17"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58843, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governors Lester Maddox of Georgia and John Bell Williams of Mississippi speaking to reporters about a strategy to end forced school busing after a meeting with Southern senators in Washington, D.C., 1970 February 17, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1617, 45:00/46:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 3 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 56 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Williams, John Bell, 1918-1983"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58834","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of parents taking their children to the Joseph Neel school following court-ordered student transfers to achieve integration in Macon, Georgia, 1970 February 16","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Thompson, Ronnie","Greenhaw, William"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-02-16"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from February 16, 1970, white and African American parents walk with their children into Joseph Neel School in Macon, Georgia after court-ordered integration transferred nearly one-fourth of the twenty-two thousand students in Bibb County elementary schools. The clip begins as an African American woman and girl and a white man and two boys walk past cars into the school building. Two white women and three white children get out of a car and head toward the school in the rain. Parents stand in the school hallways and Macon mayor Ronnie Thompson greets a man as he walks out of a room. Inside a classroom, white students sit at desks; an interracial group of students followed by an African American teacher leave a classroom. Answering an off-screen reporter's question, an unidentified woman explains that she brought her son to Joseph Neel School even though he had been transferred to another school, because she believes in freedom of choice and because after five years, her son wants to graduate from Neel like his older siblings did. The rest of the exchange between the reporter and the woman is not completely recorded. Outside the school an African American girl and a white woman walk beside the building. After a break in the clip, mayor Ronnie Thompson walks toward the school with his son, his wife, and her lawyer, Macon attorney Billy Evans. Back inside the school, the reporter speaks to mayor Ronnie Thompson whose son was transferred to a school closer to the Thompson home, but came back to Neel. Mayor Thompson hopes his actions will show that the court-ordered transfers violate students' civil rights and that the United States president will step-in to rectify the violations. Thompson feels that the situation in Macon is a reversal of the situation that happened in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957; according to Thompson, in Little Rock, the school had to be made to let students in and now schools are being made to keep people out. Outdoors parents stand under an awning with their children as more people in raingear approach the building. The clip ends with principal William Greenhaw, Jr. speaking to parents gathered in the school's hallways. Macon city and Bibb County schools were first desegregated by United States district court judge William A. Bootle in 1964. Although African Americans sought to increase the pace of desegregation, the Bibb county school board implemented a \"Freedom of choice\" plan, allowing African American parents to request school transfers although relatively few were granted. In late 1969, judge Bootle approved the school board's freedom of choice plan only to be reversed by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in December which ordered a full integration and faculty merger by the beginning of the 1970 school year. Responding to a petition by the Macon branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the United States Supreme Court ordered full integration without additional delays on January 14, 1970. A compromise plan approved by judge Bootle required immediate integration of elementary schools and desegregation of middle and high schools by the end of the year. Parents opposed to the integration plan invited Georgia governor Lester Maddox to speak at a Macon rally where he encouraged parents to keep their children home from school rather than accept the integration plan. The February 16 integration took place without violence, although nearly five hundred parents, including mayor Thompson, refused to take their children to the newly-assigned schools. After a week of parents taking their children to the old schools, judge Bootle issued a restraining order blocking schools from issuing credit to students who were not assigned to that school and creating the possibility of fines and imprisonment for uncooperative parents.  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