{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39838","title":"Arkansas Representative Wants Schools to Reopen; Deplores Violence","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-30"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Representative Wants Schools to Reopen; Deplores Violence","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39838"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Education","Segregation","Congress","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Arkansas Representative Wants Schools to Reopen; Deplores Violence"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39838"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39838"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-30"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39838, Arkansas Representative Wants Schools to Reopen; Deplores Violence, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0843, 28:43/29:49, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 6 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39775","title":"CLEMENTS COMMENTS ON WISHES OF SOUTHERN GOVERNORS CONFERENCE NOT TO REPEAT LITTLE ROCK EXPERIENCE","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-30"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Governors","Congresses and conventions"],"dcterms_title":["CLEMENTS COMMENTS ON WISHES OF SOUTHERN GOVERNORS CONFERENCE NOT TO REPEAT LITTLE ROCK EXPERIENCE"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39775"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39775"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Clement, Frank Goad"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39828","title":"Mrs. Roosevelt Comments on Soviet Press Coverage of Little Rock","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962"],"dcterms_spatial":["Soviet Union, 51.220643, 51.363519","United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-30"],"dcterms_description":["Mrs. Roosevelt Comments on Soviet Press Coverage of Little Rock","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39828"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Press","Presidents"],"dcterms_title":["Mrs. Roosevelt Comments on Soviet Press Coverage of Little Rock"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39828"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39828"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-30"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39828, Mrs. Roosevelt Comments on Soviet Press Coverage of Little Rock, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0843, 14:42/15:53, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 11 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39763","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 26, 1957, Arkansas governor Orval Faubus displays photographs as evidence that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States Government and declares his intention to continue to fight \"for the rights of my people to solve their problems peacefully.\" The clip begins with Governor Faubus sitting in an office of study before an Arkansas state seal is shown. Governor Faubus is next seen sitting in front of a curtain with a United States flag in the background. Speaking to the camera, he asserts that Arkansas is now \"an occupied territory.\" He shows several photographs of interactions between United States soldiers and the residents of Arkansas, including \"unsheathed bayonets in the backs of school girls [and] in the backs of students.\" Faubus also shows a picture of C. E. Blake, a white railroad worker who tried to push a rifle aside and was hit in the head with the rifle butt and started bleeding. Governor Faubus affirms the supremacy of the United States Army \"against a defenseless state.\" He encourages the \"peaceful pursuit of life, being good citizens as the overwhelming majority of our citizens have always been.\" He affirms his commitment to work for the rights of the people of Arkansas, pledging to \"continue unrelentlessly on this course.\"","The Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools in 1957. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39763"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Photographs","Police--Complaints against--Arkansas--Little Rock","Police brutality--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock","Governors--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Federal-state controversies--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39763"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39763"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-27"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39763, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0841, 12:45/14:31, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 46 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994","Blake, C. E."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39964","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of federalized Arkansas National Guard troops arriving in Little Rock, Arkansas to escort nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School, 1957 September 25","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-25"],"dcterms_description":["This series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from September 25, 1957 shows federalized Arkansas National Guard troops arriving in Little Rock, Arkansas to escort nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School. Road sign reads \"Little Rock Air Force Base.\" Transport vehicles filled with troops enter the city.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39964"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of federalized Arkansas National Guard troops arriving in Little Rock, Arkansas to escort nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School, 1957 September 25"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39964"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39964"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-25"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39964, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of federalized Arkansas National Guard troops arriving in Little Rock, Arkansas to escort nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School, 1957 September 25, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0845, 44:23/45:24, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 1 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39860","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-25"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 25, 1957, reporters interview students who have left Little Rock Central High School following the admittance of nine African American students, and United States soldiers surround the school following rioting in the community.","The clip begins with soldiers standing in a line in the middle of the street; behind on the sidewalk, white citizens crowd together. Soldiers are also seen walking behind a hedge or a fence. Next, a reporter interviews a young woman who stands with her back to the camera. The young woman believes most of the furor over the integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" has been political; she also believes that United States president Dwight D. Eisenhower was right to send troops to the school to prevent mobs and rioting. She continues that students would be able to handle the situation on their own if parents and the mob would not interfere. She further believes that the situation would never have gotten so bad if it had been left alone from the beginning. At one point, the reporter interrupts the young woman to ask if she will turn around and face the camera. She emphatically refuses, saying, \"it won't help me at all.\"","After this, a reporter interviews another young woman who faces the camera and stands with her hands on her hips. When asked if she will return to Central High School, the young woman asserts that she will not return to the school because she will not attend classes with African Americans (who she refers to using a derogatory racial epithet). When asked about her alternatives, the young woman lists several area schools that are not integrated or suggests that she might attend a private school. Finally, a reporter interviews a young man who has also left Central High School. The young man leaves the decision of his return to the school up to his parents. The clip ends with more soldiers passing by in full gear.","The Little Rock school district decided to integrate its schools in 1957. Arkansas governor Orval Faubus opposed the integration plan and sent Arkansas National Guard troops to prevent the admittance of African American students to Little Rock Central High School on September 4, 1957. A federal judge ordered the removal of the national guard and the entry of the black students. After the students' entrance on September 23, white Little Rock citizens rioted, and the students were removed after three hours at the school. United States president Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the national guard and ordering soldiers to the area to ensure the safe attendance of the African American students. About fifty white students left the school in protest when the African Americans entered on September 24. After a year of integration, Little Rock closed its public schools to avoid further integration.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39860"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Demonstrations--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Reporters and reporting--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39860"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39860"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-25"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39860, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0843, 56:57/58:11, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 14 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33583","title":"FAUBUS COMMENTS ON LATEST DISTURBANCES AT LITTLE ROCK; DEFENDS HIS ACTIONS","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors","Education","Violence","Segregation","Schools","Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["FAUBUS COMMENTS ON LATEST DISTURBANCES AT LITTLE ROCK; DEFENDS HIS ACTIONS"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33583"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33583"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn33583, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0748, 12:11/13:09, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39908","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Little Rock Crisis, 1957 September 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["This series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from September 24, 1957 shows Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Little Rock Crisis. Faubus arrives by helicopter and conferes with Eisenhower and other officials about the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39908"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock--History--20th century","Governors--Arkansas","Presidents--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Little Rock Crisis, 1957 September 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39908"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39908"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39908, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Little Rock Crisis, 1957 September 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0844, 51:22/52:30, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 8 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40129","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 24, 1957, United States president Dwight D. Eisenhower in a statement from the White House address the crisis over school integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" in Little Rock, Arkansas, and the presence of United States soldiers in the city. President Eisenhower declares that the presence of federal troops in the city does not remove the responsibility of the local and state authorities to preserve peace nor of the local school board and other school officials to run Little Rock Central High School. He confirms that the federal government interferes in local affairs only \"in very special cases and when requested by one of the several states.\" He emphasizes that the presence of troops in Little Rock is only to ensure compliance with court orders, and that the executive branch of the government only uses such powers of enforcement in \"extraordinary and compelling circumstances,\" such as the situation in Little Rock. Eisenhower recognizes the need for a climate permitting the \"free and fair exercise\" of individual's rights; he also recognizes that most citizens reject violence and respect and follow even the laws with which they disagree. He calls for the assistance of citizens of Arkansas to end \"all interference with the law and its processes,\" pledging the removal of federal troops, the city's return to normalcy, and the return of the nation's fair name and honor. Little Rock school district decided to integrate its schools in 1957. Arkansas governor Orval Faubus opposed the integration plan and sent Arkansas National Guard troops to prevent the admittance of nine African American students to Little Rock Central High School on September 4, 1957. A federal judge ordered the removal of the national guard and the entry of the black students. After the students' entrance on September 23, white Little Rock citizens rioted, and the students were removed after three hours at the school. United States president Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the national guard and ordering soldiers to the area to ensure the safe attendance of the African American students. After a year of integration, Little Rock closed its public schools to avoid further integration.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn40129"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Presidents--United States","Press conferences--Washington (D.C.)","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Arkansas--Little Rock","Federal-city relations--Arkansas--Little Rock","Government, Resistance to--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40129"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40129"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn40129, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0849, 8:30/11:11, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 41 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39907","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calling for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as key to desegregation, Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Leon County, Tallahassee, 30.43826, -84.28073","United States, Georgia, Glynn County, Sea Island, 31.18356, -81.34982","United States, Illinois, Cook County, Chicago, 41.85003, -87.65005","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Sea Island, Georgia on September 23, 1957, Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calls for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as a key to desegregation. The clips begin in the middle of Collins' speech and continues.","Collins: \"Then I assume it matters not from whence such a man comes, and finally I believe the South is fully capable of...\"","Then the clip zooms in on Collins and he continues:","\"In the first place, the racial problem is not by any means altogether a Southern one. It is national in scope. It stirs the good and [unintelligible] bad in people in Chicago, just as it does in Tallahassee. The whole country--north, south, east, and west--is anxiously looking for honorable and peaceful solutions. It is, of course, an economic problem as well as an ethnic one. Negroes throughout the nation are still badly in need of better homes, better health, better schools, and better employment opportunities.\"","Here the clip zooms out and Collins continues:","\"Improvement does not depend upon an immediate end to segregation throughout America. This has been proved in the South in many ways over the years. But an end to segregation anywhere will continue to be dependent largely upon bettering the living standards of Negro people. And these improvements simply cannot be brought about in an atmosphere of racial furor.\"","Supporting information was taken from the following source: Bates, William M. \"13 Dixie Governors Meeting at Sea Island.\" The Atlanta Constitution 22 September 1957. 1. 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Griffin was a staunch segregationist who publicly announced his intentions to disband the public school system if pressured to integrate.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33584"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Georgia","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Sea Island","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Federal-state controversies--Arkansas--Little Rock","Government, Resistance to--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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At the beginning of the clip, a line of police face the milling white crowd. As the crowd surges forwards, the police take a few steps backwards before pushing back against the crowd. One officer waves a nightstick several times before the crowd begins to back up. Next, three to five police officers surround a struggling white man who falls to the ground; they carry the struggling man away, one holding each limb, while other officers keep the crowd back. Officers also chase a white man and put another white man in the back of a patrol car. One white female protester is helped into a waiting paddy wagon. Another woman led to the paddy wagon breaks free from the police holding her arms and runs to a stand of trees.","The Little Rock school board voted to integrate the school system in 1957; on September 4, 1957 Arkansas governor Orval Faubus ordered Arkansas National Guard troops to prevent nine African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33585"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Police vehicles--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Arrest--Arkansas--Little Rock","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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