{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0014","title":"Oral history interview with Salter and Doris Cochran, April 12, 1997","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Thomas, Karen Kruse","Cochran, Doris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Halifax County, 36.2575, -77.65188"],"dcterms_creator":["Cochran, Salter, 1922-"],"dc_date":["1997-04-12"],"dcterms_description":["Dr. Salter Cochran and his wife, Doris Cochran, discuss their activism in the Weldon-Roanoke Rapids area of North Carolina. Extremely well-educated, worldly, and, in Salter's case, with military experience, the Cochrans arrived in North Carolina with progressive views on race and a determination to push for racial justice. They were distressed to find entrenched racism among white residents and a reluctance to challenge it among African Americans. Additionally, the Cochrans' activism inhibited friendships and even inspired threats of violence. But it also succeeded in desegregating some of the area's institutions, including a school (which their children were the first to integrate) and a hospital. Outsiders though they were, they continued to agitate for racial justice in forums ranging from PTA meetings to medical society conventions. As they recall their decades of activism, they reflect on racism and justice, and they evaluate the successes and failures of the movement to which they contributed. This interview will provide readers with a great deal of information about race, desegregation, poverty, and health in North Carolina.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--North Carolina--Halifax County","African American physicians--North Carolina--Halifax County","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Halifax County","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolin--Halifax County","African Americans--Segregation--North Carolina--Halifax County","Halifax County (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans in medicine--North Carolina--Halifax County","Discrimination in medical care--North Carolina--Halifax County"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Salter and Doris Cochran, April 12, 1997"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0014/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on November 13, 2008).","Interview participants: Salter Cochran, interviewee; Doris Cochran, interviewee; Karen Kruse Thomas, interviewer.","Duration: 03:01:22.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South.","It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner.","Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Cochran, Salter, 1922-","Cochran, Doris"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0018","title":"Oral history interview with George Simkins, April 6, 1997","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Thomas, Karen Kruse","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Guilford County, Greensboro, 36.07264, -79.79198"],"dcterms_creator":["Simkins, George C., 1924-2001"],"dc_date":["1997-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["Greensboro dentist George Simkins attended Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1944 to 1948, when only two dental schools accepted black students. He assumed that segregation would continue, but soon set about trying to undo it: he fought segregation at a local golf course but again lost the case before the Supreme Court, this time on a technicality; he sought to desegregate a swimming pool; and in what may have been his most significant civil rights achievement, he built a case against segregation in two Greensboro hospitals. The Supreme Court decided Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital in the plaintiffs' favor, ending the legal segregation of medical care. In this interview, he describes his various civil rights efforts and the responses of his white opponents, who resisted desegregation by fighting it in court as well as with harassment and threats. While Simkins won a major civil rights victory in the early 1960s, he sees a return of segregation in public schools, and a lack of sympathy for civil rights among political and judicial leaders. This interview will provide researchers with insights into a motivated individual's efforts to undo segregation and the hostile response of the white community, a response that continues to resonate today.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American dentists--North Carolina--Greensboro","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina--Greensboro","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Greensboro","African Americans--Segregation--North Carolina--Greensboro","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Greensboro","Discrimination in medical care--North Carolina--Greensboro","Greensboro (N.C.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with George Simkins, April 6, 1997"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0018/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 17, 2008).","Interview participants: George Simkins, interviewee; Karen Kruse Thomas, interviewer.","Duration: 01:11:13.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Simkins, George C., 1924-2001"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0019","title":"Oral history interview with James Slade, February 23, 1997","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Thomas, Karen Kruse","Slade, Catherine","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Chowan County, 36.12656, -76.60216","United States, North Carolina, Chowan County, Edenton, 36.05794, -76.60772"],"dcterms_creator":["Slade, James, 1930-"],"dc_date":["1997-02-23"],"dcterms_description":["James Slade was the second African American to attend medical school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He started there in 1952, embracing the challenges and limitations of attending UNC-Chapel Hill, including one racist professor. Slade eventually decided to become a pediatrician: the specialty attracted warm-hearted doctors less prone to prejudice. He began private practice in Edenton, North Carolina, in 1965, where for many years he was the only black physician. In this interview, he recalls the gradual integration of medical practice in Edenton and describes his experiences as one of very few African American medical professionals in his area. Slade, who is joined by his wife, Catherine, focuses on the challenges of medical care at the intersection of race, poverty, and rural isolation. Poor patients, black and white, had a unique set of needs that Slade worked to serve despite limited access to medical technology and peers with whom to collaborate. As he did so, he earned the loyalty of a black community that in addition to its unique medical needs, such as treatment for diabetes and hypertension made unique demands of its doctor. Toward the end of this interview, Slade also describes some of the changes that have affected the business of medicine in the past few decades and his concerns about the health of the black community.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American physicians--North Carolina--Edenton","Discrimination in medical care--North Carolina--Edenton","Poor--Medical care -North Carolina--Edenton","African Americans--Medical care--North Carolina--Edenton","Medically underserved areas--North Carolina--Edenton","Medical offices--Management"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with James Slade, February 23, 1997"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0019/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 19, 2008).","Interview participants: James Slade, interviewee; Catherine Slade, interviewee; Karen Kruse Thomas interviewer.","Duration: 02:58:19.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Slade, James, 1930-","Slade, Catherine"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_o-0034","title":"Oral history interview with Howard Fuller, December 14, 1996","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Fuller, Howard, 1941-"],"dc_date":["1996-12-14"],"dcterms_description":["The North Carolina Fund, a forerunner to President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty, served as a bold experiment in fostering cooperation between government agencies and the private sector during the early 1960s. Along with federal, state, and institutional support, the Fund relied on the support of student volunteers: between 1963 and 1968, over 350 student volunteers traveled to rural and urban communities across North Carolina to help implement the Fund's initiatives. Howard Fuller worked as one of these student volunteers in Durham, North Carolina. His experiences as an activist for low-income black residents shaped his lifelong work and involvement in anti-poverty campaigns. Fuller came to realize the importance of training local residents to become economically self-sufficient and politically active in order to effect long-lasting structural changes in United States society. In 1968, he helped establish the Malcolm X Liberation University in Durham. After the University's decline, Fuller moved to Wisconsin, where he served as the superintendent for the Milwaukee public schools from 1991 to 1995. In 1995, Fuller resigned and founded the Institute for the Transformation of Learning (ITL) at Marquette University to provide assistance to charter schools. Fuller's support of parental choice and school vouchers confused his former activist allies, but remained consistent with his belief that local communities best obtain equitable resources with political power and choice. Because policymakers' memory of the North Carolina Fund increasingly began to fade, Dr. James Leloudis, of the Department of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Dr. Robert Korstad, of Duke University's Sanford Institute of Public Policy, designed an oral history course titled \"Race, Poverty, and the North Carolina Fund and Its Legacy\" in the fall of 1996. Drs. Leloudis and Korstad developed the \"No Easy Walk\" conference composed from students' interviews with former Fund participants and current policymakers. Fuller gave the closing speech at the conference on December 14, 1996. He offered suggestions on how to inspire continued and increased activism among the younger and older generations. Fuller's remarks reflect his beliefs about the connection between economic and political power.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American social reformers--North Carolina--Attitudes","African American political activists--North Carolina--Attitudes","Social justice","Economic assistance, Domestic","Educational vouchers"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Howard Fuller, December 14, 1996"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/O-0034/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 30, 2008).","Duration: 00:51:11.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Fuller, Howard, 1941-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_j-0075","title":"Oral history interview with Harvey E. Beech, September 25, 1996","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Foye, Anita","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Beech, Harvey E., 1923-"],"dc_date":["1996-09-25"],"dcterms_description":["Harvey E. Beech was born in Kinston, North Carolina, in 1923, the youngest of five children. Although Beech's father could not read or write, he saved his money and opened barbershops throughout the Kinston community. His business acumen afforded most of his children the opportunity to attend college. His youngest son, Harvey, however, was sent to Harris Barber College in Raleigh, North Carolina, since his older siblings' education had taken its toll on their father's bank account. Harvey's academic drive and passion for education led him to pursue a college degree. He earned enough money to attend Morehouse College, and his self-reliance, independence, and passion for changing social injustices propelled his interest in a legal career. To earn money for law school, he promoted black entertainers and opened a general store. In the early 1950s, Thurgood Marshall asked Beech to join a pending case against the University of North Carolina School of Law. Beech joined the case, along with J. Kenneth Lee. In 1951, Beech and Lee, along with James Lassiter, Floyd McKissick, and James Walker, became the first African American students to enroll at the UNC law school. Beech candidly discusses the psychological impact of desegregating an all-white institution, including his anger at having to give up his swimming pool privileges because of his race. He evaluates the strength of racism in American society, while adamantly arguing that the abandonment of racial discrimination and racial identities would eliminate barriers among all races and ethnicities.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Family--North Carolina--Social life and customs--20th century","Lawyers--North Carolina--History--20th century","North Carolina--Race relations--20th century","African American lawyers--North Carolina","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina","College integration--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina (1793-1962). School of Law","African American law students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Harvey E. Beech, September 25, 1996"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/J-0075/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 18, 2008).","Interview participants: Harvey E. Beech, interviewee; Anita Foye, interviewer.","Duration: 01:33:50.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Beech, Harvey E., 1923-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0011","title":"Oral history interview with Dorothy Royster Burwell, May 29, 1996","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, Mecklenburg County, 36.68036, -78.36273","United States, Virginia, Mecklenburg County, Soudan, 36.56292, -78.52056"],"dcterms_creator":["Burwell, Dorothy Royster. 1931-"],"dc_date":["1996-05-29"],"dcterms_description":["At the time of this interview, Dorothy Royster Burwell was living in what was once Soudan, Virginia, on the North Carolina-Virginia border. In this interview, she describes her family history and the displacement of area residents by dam projects. Burwell's community was washed away in the early 1950s by a man-made lake which covered African Americans' homes, shops, cemeteries, and farms. Burwell remembers a vibrant community; today, it is hard to find on the map. This interview shows what a powerful force water is, even under controlled conditions, clearing families from their homes and erasing communities; it also reveals the power of a government that can demand its citizens vacate their homes. Burwell's memory of Soudan helps keep the community alive.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women--Virginia--Soudan","African Americans--Relocation--Virginia--Soudan","African Americans--Land tenure--Virginia--Soudan","Soudan (Va.)--Social life and customs","Reservoirs--Social aspects--Virginia--Soudan","John H. Kerr Reservoir (Va. and N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Dorothy Royster Burwell, May 29, 1996"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/Q-0011/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Dorothy Royster Burwell, interviewee; Eddie McCoy, interviewer.","Duration: 00:46:44.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Burwell, Dorothy Royster, 1931-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0002","title":"Oral history interview with Floyd Alston Jr., November 29, 1995","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Alston, Ethel Thorpe, 1916-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Granville County, 36.30402, -78.65302"],"dcterms_creator":["Alston, Floyd, 1933-"],"dc_date":["1995-11-29"],"dcterms_description":["Granville County, North Carolina, residents Floyd Alston (in his sixties in 1995) and his mother, Ethel Thorpe Alston, remember their lives in the area in this interview. Floyd and Ethel trace their family lines, some of which lead to slaves, others to sharecroppers, some to brothers and sisters who died, still others to factory workers. This interview offers more information on the Alston and Thorpe families than it does about African Americans' lives in the rural South generally, but it does offer some revealing insights into racial identity and the struggles of post-emancipation African Americans to find economic and social security.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--North Carolina--Granville County","African American women--North Carolina--Granville County","African American families--North Carolina--Granville County","African Americans--North Carolina--Granville County--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Floyd Alston Jr., November 29, 1995"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/Q-0002/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Floyd Alston Jr., interviewee; Ethel Thorpe Alston, interviewee; Eddie McCoy, interviewer.","Duration: 00:58:50.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South.","It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner.","Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Alston, Floyd, 1933-","Alston, Ethel Thorpe, 1916-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0019","title":"Oral history interview with Martha Cooley, April 25, 1995","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Granville County, 36.30402, -78.65302"],"dcterms_creator":["Cooley, Martha, 1908?-2005"],"dc_date":["1995-04-25"],"dcterms_description":["Martha Cooley learned how to run a household when she was just a girl; by the age of twelve, she had taken charge of her home, cooking meals and hanging tobacco leaves to help her father's farming venture in Granville County, North Carolina. Eighty-five years old at the time of this 1995 interview, Cooley describes a childhood in the rural South before the advent of the civil rights movement, the intrusion of roads and highways, or interference from industrial growth or urban sprawl. Cooley remembers her history and that of her family, recalling her education in a one-room schoolhouse, Sunday afternoons, quiltings, and cornshuckings. She creates an image of an inward-looking, supportive community.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women--North Carolina--Granville County","African Americans--North Carolina--Granville County--Social life and customs","Farm life--North Carolina--Granville County","African Americans--Education--North Carolina--Granville County"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Martha Cooley, April 25, 1995"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/Q-0019/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 3, 2008).","Interview participants: Martha Cooley, interviewee; Eddie McCoy, interviewer.","Duration: 00:47:18.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Cooley, Martha, 1908?-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0073","title":"Oral history interview with Serena Henderson Parker, April 13, 1995","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Granville County, 36.30402, -78.65302"],"dcterms_creator":["Parker, Serena Henderson, 1923-"],"dc_date":["1995-04-13"],"dcterms_description":["Serena Henderson Parker was born in the small town of Huntsville, North Carolina, in 1923, the daughter of a sharecropper who eventually bought his own farm. Never enslaved because of their light skin, Parker's grandparents and great grandparents, though rural farmers and laborers, were educated and literate; Parker herself was educated in segregated schools and began a teaching career in 1946. In this interview, Parker remembers her childhood in rural North Carolina; recalls her education in a one-room schoolhouse; reflects on her family history, which includes brushes with slavery; and describes her rural community. This interview will be particularly useful to researchers interested in the foodways and social lives of African Americans in early and mid-twentieth-century rural North Carolina.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women--North Carolina--Granville County","African Americans--North Carolina--Granville County--Social life and customs","Country life--North Carolina--Granville County","African Americans--Education--North Carolina--Granville County"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Serena Henderson Parker, April 13, 1995"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Parker, Serena Henderson, 1923-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0067","title":"Oral history interview with Louise Pointer Morton, December 12, 1994","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Granville County, 36.30402, -78.65302"],"dcterms_creator":["Morton, Louise Pointer, 1910-2001"],"dc_date":["1994-12-12"],"dcterms_description":["Louise Pointer Morton was born in Granville County, North Carolina, in 1910. Morton begins the interview by describing her grandmother's role in the founding of the Jonathon Creek Church (intermittently called the Johnson Creek Church in the interview). Although she does not recall the specific date of the church's construction, Morton explains that her grandmother acquired land for the church from the Pittard family, to whom she was enslaved and seems to have continued to work for following her emancipation. With the gift of land, Morton and other African Americans in the community built a log church. The church was eventually replaced and a school for local African American children was also built on the land. Morton's grandmother had purchased five acres by the church and the school, where she raised her nine children and where many of her grandchildren also lived. Morton describes growing up in this community, relating her school and church experience and life without electricity or running water. Despite the lack of luxuries, Morton recalls with fondness how the community gathered to socialize and to work together during corn shuckings, and she expresses pride in her family's self-sufficiency. Additionally, in her recollections of the Jonathon (Johnson) Creek Church, Morton throws into relief the centrality of religion as a preeminent social institution within southern African American communities.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women--North Carolina-- Granville County","African Americans--North Carolina--Granville County--Social life and customs","Country life--North Carolina--Granville County"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Louise Pointer Morton, December 12, 1994"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Morton, Louise Pointer, 1910-2001"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_q-0094","title":"Oral history interview with Lillian Taylor Lyons, September 11, 1994","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McCoy, James Eddie (James Edward), 1942-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Granville County, 36.30402, -78.65302","United States, North Carolina, Granville County, Oxford, 36.3107, -78.59083"],"dcterms_creator":["Lyons, Lillian Taylor, b. 1902"],"dc_date":["1994-09-11"],"dcterms_description":["Lillian Taylor Lyons was born and raised in Oxford, North Carolina, in the early twentieth century. Lyons begins her interview by describing her family history, reaching back to her parents' experiences in Virginia and North Carolina. Her father was born enslaved in 1850 and accompanied his master with the Confederate army during the Civil War, while her mother was born just on the cusp of the Civil War and, according to Lyons, was not enslaved. After briefly explaining her father's work as an expert carpenter, Lyons shifts to a discussion of her mother's education in a school for African American children in Granville County, North Carolina, which was run by white Canadians following the Civil War. Education was important in Lyons' family, and she describes in some detail how she and her siblings all went to the Mary Potter school in Oxford. Following her own graduation in 1919, Lyons attended college and became a school teacher. In addition to describing her family history, her education, and her work as a teacher, Lyons devotes considerable attention to a discussion of race relations, particularly as it related to skin tone, in Oxford. Oxford was especially \"forward-looking\" in its views on race relations, as evidenced by the high value placed on African American education, according to Lyons. Researchers interested in the local history of Granville County will find the final third of the interview particularly useful for Lyons' extensive comments on Granville County families and their interactions.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women--North Carolina--Oxford","Granville County (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--North Carolina--Granville County--Social life and customs","African Americans--Education--North Carolina--Oxford"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Lillian Taylor Lyons, September 11, 1994"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/Q-0094/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2008).","Interview participants: Lillian Taylor Lyons, interviewee; Eddie McCoy, interviewer.","Duration: 01:44:09.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lyons, Lillian Taylor, 1902-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_l-0078","title":"Oral history interview with Ruth Dial Woods, June 12, 1992","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Coe, Anne Mitchell","Moore, Laura Jane","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Robeson County, 34.64009, -79.10353"],"dcterms_creator":["Woods, Ruth Dial"],"dc_date":["1992-06-12"],"dcterms_description":["Ruth Dial Woods was born in Robeson County, North Carolina. She begins the interview by describing aspects of her childhood as a Lumbee Indian, focusing specifically on her education. Woods went to an Indian school in Robeson County until the late 1940s; she moved to eastern Tennessee when her mother was unable to complete her graduate degree in North Carolina because of discrimination against Native Americans in institutions of higher education. After her mother graduated, they returned to North Carolina, where Woods graduated from Pembroke High School. After one year at Catawba College, Woods transferred to Meredith College. She left Meredith in the mid-1950s to marry her first husband. The couple lived for several years in Detroit, Michigan, where they both worked for the Ford Motor Company. It was her time in Detroit, Woods explains, that opened her eyes to the segregation and discrimination against Native Americans in the South. When she returned to North Carolina at the end of the decade, Woods finished her bachelor's degree and became a teacher. During the 1960s, Woods became actively involved in the civil rights movement in North Carolina, which she describes as a \"multiracial\" effort. By the end of the 1960s, she shifted her attention to the women's liberation movement. Woods describes in detail some of her activities in both movements during the 1960s and 1970s, and speaks at length about her thoughts on Native American and other minority rights. In 1985, Woods was appointed to the University of North Carolina Board of Governors, where she worked to promote equality for minority students. She explains her decision to seek this post, and describes how her activism evolved into her appointment to the Board.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Indian women activists--North Carolina--Robeson County","Women social reformers--North Carolina","Women educators--North Carolina","College trustees--North Carolina","Indians of North America--Civil rights","Indians of North America--Education--North Carolina","Indians, Treatment of--North Carolina--Robeson County","Lumbee Indian"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ruth Dial Woods, June 12, 1992"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Woods, Ruth Dial"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":9,"next_page":10,"prev_page":8,"total_pages":22,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":96,"total_count":258,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Sound","hits":258},{"value":"Text","hits":258}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Pollitt, Daniel H.","hits":10},{"value":"Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","hits":4},{"value":"Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990","hits":3},{"value":"Baker, Ella, 1903-1986","hits":2},{"value":"Barnes, Billy E. 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