{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0838","title":"Oral history interview with Quinton E. Baker, February 23, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGinnis, Chris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Baker, Quinton E."],"dc_date":["2002-02-23"],"dcterms_description":["Quinton E. Baker reflects on how his identity as a black gay man influenced his social activism, especially his role in the 1960s civil rights protests. He begins by describing his childhood in the segregated South, noting that he had little contact with whites while growing up. He knew at a young age that he was different from most other boys, as did his father, who tried to make him adopt a more traditional masculine identity. After graduating from high school, Baker enrolled at North Carolina Central University, where he became active in civil rights protests. He also taught nonviolent protest in Chapel Hill, where he befriended Pat Cusick and John Dunne, two student activists. A short time later, Baker began a sexual relationship with Dunne. Baker hoped to find acceptance within the white gay community, but he says that race affected those relationships, as well. Baker was arrested multiple times during the Chapel Hill protests, and the judge, who was frustrated by how little prison time he could give the students, used court time to further punish the activists. Baker and Dunne ended their relationship before going to prison. The few months Baker spent in prison changed his life's trajectory. He eventually graduated from the University of Wisconsin. After living in Boston for a while, Baker decided to return to North Carolina, where he became involved in community affairs again. At the time of the interview, he continued to fight for social justice in the arena of health care.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","African American gay men--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Chapel Hill (N.C.)--Race relations","Gay college students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill--Political activity","Heterosexism--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Quinton E. Baker, February 23, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0838/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 12, 2008).","Interview participants: Quinton E. Baker, interviewee; Chris McGinnis, interviewer.","Duration: 02:28:02.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Quinton E."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0298","title":"Oral history interview with Alexander M. Rivera, February 1, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Rivera, Alex"],"dc_date":["2002-02-01"],"dcterms_description":["This is the second of two interviews with African American photojournalist Alexander M. Rivera. In this interview, Rivera focuses in more detail on certain events and issues he addressed in his first interview, which traced the trajectory of his career as a photojournalist, notably during his years with the Pittsburgh Courier. He describes in greater detail his work as a reporter covering the Briggs v. State of South Carolina desegregation case. In addition, he discusses more fully the impact of the Brown decision (and the eventual demise of legal Jim Crow segregation) on African American businesses. Rivera also describes his favorite photographs from this time period. Finally, Rivera talks about his work at North Carolina Central College in the late 1960s and 1970s. He describes how he was able to bring Gerald Ford to speak at the school's fiftieth anniversary celebration and the impact of desegregation on the school's academics and athletics.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American journalists","Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States","North Carolina Central University","African American business enterprises","Photojournalists--Southern States--Interviews","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation","Southern States--Race relations","Crime and the press--Southern States","Lynching--Southern State"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Alexander M. Rivera, February 1, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0298/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 29, 2008).","Interview participants: Alexander M. Rivera, interviewee; Kieran Taylor, interviewer.","Duration: 01:58:12.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rivera, Alex"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0841","title":"Oral history interview with Angela Brightfeather, January 24, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGinnis, Chris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, New York, Onondaga County, 43.0058, -76.19464","United States, New York, Onondaga County, Syracuse, 43.04812, -76.14742","United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Brightfeather, Angela, 1945-"],"dc_date":["2002-01-24"],"dcterms_description":["Angela Brightfeather was born Jim Sheedy and grew up in Syracuse, New York, during the late 1940s and 1950s. At the age of twenty-one, Brightfeather first met another transgender person and subsequently became involved in a small but thriving transgender community. Brightfeather had known from an early age that she was transgender. She speaks in great detail about being transgender and describes variations of transgenderism, including cross-dressing, fetishism, transsexuality, and intersexuality. In so doing, she argues emphatically that gender, not sexuality, is the primary issue for transgender people. In order to illustrate that point, Brightfeather explains that she does not necessarily feel that she is male or female, but rather that she is a third gender. Brightfeather describes how her transgender identity operated in her personal life, explaining how her first marriage eventually ended after she came out to her wife as a cross-dresser. In describing that relationship, Brightfeather also discusses what it was like to be a single parent and how her experiences in parenting allowed her to better understand her feminine side. Brightfeather eventually remarried and explains that her second wife was supportive of her transgender identity. Much of Brightfeather's discussion focuses on her experiences as a transgender person living in Syracuse, where she lived until 1999, when she moved to North Carolina to pursue better opportunities for her commercial plumbing business. Before moving south, Brightfeather became a vocal activist for transgender issues, helping to found Expressing Our Nature (EON), a transgender group. Shortly before she left New York, Brightfeather and EON were disappointed when the Stonewall Committee in their county refused to include transgender people in their proposed Human Rights Law. Brightfeather uses that experience as evidence of what she sees as divisions and tensions within the GLBT community, particularly between transgender people and gays and lesbians. Brightfeather strongly believes that the GLBT community must work closely to attain political and social equality for GLBT people. She explains how she has worked toward that end, especially after moving to North Carolina, where the need for transgender activism seemed especially strong to her. After drawing comparisons between the experiences of transgender people and their role within the GLBT communities in the North and the South, Brightfeather discusses her activist work in the state, focusing on her interactions with Equality North Carolina and the Human Rights Committee. Finally, Brightfeather's interview addresses the longer history of transgender people, particularly as it touches Native American history and spirituality.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Transgender people--United States","Transgender people--Identity","Transgender people--United States--Political activity","Transgender people--North Carolina--Political activity","Gay liberation movement--United States","Transgender people--Family relationships--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Angela Brightfeather, January 24, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0841/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 02:30:40"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Brightfeather, Angela, 1945-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0157","title":"Oral history interview with Margaret Edwards, January 20, 2002","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Copeland, Barbara Anne","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Wake County, 35.79012, -78.65022","United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Cary, 35.79154, -78.78112"],"dcterms_creator":["Edwards, Margaret, 1950-"],"dc_date":["2002-01-20"],"dcterms_description":["Margaret Edwards was born into a large sharecropping family in Ayden, North Carolina, in 1950. Edwards begins the interview with some brief explanations of her family's tasks as sharecroppers and her experiences with segregation and racism in Ayden. Edwards explains that religion and church were central to both her family and the community. She grew up Baptist but converted to the Pentecostal Holiness Church after becoming an adult and marrying at the age of nineteen. By the 1990s, Edwards had become disillusioned with Pentecostalism, primarily because after seeking counsel from her pastor as a victim of domestic abuse, she was advised to stay with her husband because she had taken a vow to do so. In 1998, Edwards converted to Mormonism, and the majority of the interview is devoted to a discussion of her thoughts on the Mormon church and her role within it as an African American woman. Edwards explains that she found Mormonism appealing because the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints (the formal name of the Mormon church) was accepting of her, and she appreciated the centrality of family to their doctrines. Edwards speaks at some length about her desire to eventually remarry (having since divorced her abusive husband). When asked if it was important for her to marry an African American man, Edwards explains that while she would find it most ideal to marry a man who was both African American and Mormon, her faith trumped her racial preference. She explains that the Mormon church shared her belief that interracial marriage between two Mormons was preferable to interdenominational marriage between people of the same race. Edwards addresses gender hierarchies within the Mormon church, arguing that although she had enjoyed a more active role she was able to play in the Pentecostal Holiness Church as an ordained minister, she did not begrudge the limited role of women in the Mormon church and did not view it as an encroachment on her independence. In addition to charting such intersections of race, gender, and religion in the Mormon church, Edwards discusses tensions she had experienced between the Mormons and other Judeo-Christian religions throughout the South. While her children did not share her Mormon faith, they were ultimately accepting of her choice. Others, however, were less tolerant, and she describes various ways in which other churches and faiths found themselves at odds with the rapidly growing Mormon presence in the South.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Mormon women--North Carolina--Cary","African American Mormons--North Carolina--Cary","African American Mormons--Religious life--North Carolina--Cary","Mormon Church--Customs and practices","Women in the Mormon Church--North Carolina--Cary","Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Margaret Edwards, January 20, 2002"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0157/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2008).","Interview participants: Margaret Edwards, interviewee; Barbara Copeland, interviewer.","Duration: 01:26:53.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Edwards, Margaret, 1950-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0297","title":"Oral history interview with Alexander M. Rivera, November 30, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Kieran Walsh","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862","United States, North Carolina, New Hanover County, 34.18141, -77.86561","United States, North Carolina, New Hanover County, Wilmington, 34.22573, -77.94471"],"dcterms_creator":["Rivera, Alex"],"dc_date":["2001-11-30"],"dcterms_description":["This is the first of two interviews with African American photojournalist Alexander M. Rivera. Rivera was born in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1913. His family settled there after fleeing Wilmington following the race riot of 1898. Rivera recalls his father's involvement in the NAACP during the 1920s and 1930s and the influence of his progressive racial views. Following in his father's footsteps, Rivera became a student at Howard University in the early 1930s but had to leave school to work during the Great Depression. It was during these years that Rivera first began to work as a photojournalist in Washington, D.C. His coverage of Marian Anderson's concert at the Lincoln Memorial was the first major event he covered. In the late 1930s, Rivera returned to North Carolina and finished his education at North Carolina Central College. During World War II, Rivera worked for Naval Intelligence in Norfolk, Virginia. Shortly thereafter, he began to work for the Pittsburgh Courier, covering events in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. As a photojournalist for the Courier, Rivera covered such events as the Willie Earle lynching in South Carolina, the Isaiah Nixon lynching in Georgia, and the school desegregation cases of the 1950s. In recalling these events, Rivera illuminates the nature of race relations and racial violence that characterized Jim Crow segregation; the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the role of key players such as Thurgood Marshall; and the changing social landscape. Finally, he recalls his travels to Africa with Richard Nixon in 1957.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Howard University--Students--History--20th century","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","African American journalists","Riots--North Carolina--Wilmington--History--19th century","Military intelligence--United States--History--20th century","Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Durham","Ghana--Foreign relations--United States","Photojournalists--Southern States--Interviews","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation","Southern States--Race relations","Crime and the press--Southern States","Lynching--Southern State"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Alexander M. Rivera, November 30, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0297/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 29, 2008).","Interview participants: Alexander M. Rivera, interviewee; Kieran Taylor, interviewer.","Duration: 01:58:12.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rivera, Alex","Anderson, Marian, 1897-1993"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0165","title":"Oral history interview with Jessie Streater, November 10, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Copeland, Barbara Anne","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Streater, Jessie"],"dc_date":["2001-11-10"],"dcterms_description":["Jessie Streater, an African American mother of three, converted to Mormonism in 1979, just one year after the church relaxed its ban on African Americans holding the priesthood, a position in the church that conveys certain privileges and responsibilities. Streater had been a seeker, visiting churches of various denominations before finding Mormonism, a religion that offered her the religious community that she desired despite its relatively recent embrace of full membership for African American men. In this interview, Streater shares some observations about the growing African American population in the church, as well some descriptions of Mormon practices and church organization. African Americans' greatest disadvantage is their relatively small number within the church, meaning that they often have to look outside Mormonism to find spouses. But overall, Streater has found only spiritual succor, and not discrimination, in her more than two decades with the church. Interviewers interested in race and religion, as well as some of the details of Mormon belief and practice, will find this interview useful.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Mormon women--North Carolina--Durham","African American women--North Carolina--Durham","African American Mormons--Religious life--North Carolina--Durham","Mormon women--Religious life--North Carolina--Durham","Mormon Church--Customs and practices","Race relations--Religious aspects"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jessie Streater, November 10, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0165/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 19, 2008).","Interview participants: Jessie Streater, interviewee; Barbara Copeland, interviewer.","Duration: 01:14:10.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Streater, Jessie"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0849","title":"Oral history interview with Cecil W. Wooten, July 16, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGinnis, Chris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Wooten, Cecil W., 1945-"],"dc_date":["2001-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Cecil W. Wooten grew up in Kinston, North Carolina, in the 1940s and 1950s. Wooten begins the interview with a discussion of his early awareness of his homosexuality. Although he did not have the terminology to describe his orientation, Wooten knew as early as age seven that he was gay. However, it was not until he was a graduate student spent at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the late 1960s and early 1970s that he found a gay community, which he describes in some detail. Fearing that his homosexuality could jeopardize his career as a classics scholar, he limited his involvement in that community. After he received his Ph.D., Wooten moved to Bloomington, Indiana, where he taught for several years at the University of Indiana. During those years, Wooten began gradually to live more openly as a gay man. By the late 1970s, he had come out to his family and friends. In 1980, Wooten left the University of Indiana and returned to the University of Chapel Hill as a professor, a decision fueled in part by his desire to blend his academic and personal life in a way that would allow him to be more involved in the gay community and with gay activism. Upon his return, Wooten became faculty advisor for the Carolina Gay Association [later renamed the Carolina Gay and Lesbian Association (CGLA)], a position he held for several years. He describes early tensions between the CGLA and student government, the evolution and growth of CGLA, and the process of including the matter of sexual orientation in the university's nondiscrimination policy. In addition to describing his work with campus activism, Wooten describes the various networks and organizations that were available to gays in Chapel Hill during the 1980s. Chapel Hill, he says, was comparatively tolerant of gays and lesbians during this time.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Gay college teachers--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Gay activists--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Gay liberation movement--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Gay men--North Carolina--Chapel Hill--Social life and customs","Carolina Gay and Lesbian Association","Gay men--Sexual behavior--North Carolina--Chapel Hill"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Cecil W. Wooten, July 16, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0849/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on November 10, 2008).","Interview participants: Cecil W. Wooten, interviewee; Chris McGinnis, interviewer.","Duration: 01:29:03.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wooten, Cecil W., 1945-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0848","title":"Oral history interview with Ian Thomas Palmquist, June 27, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGinnis, Chris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Palmquist, Ian Thomas"],"dc_date":["2001-06-27"],"dcterms_description":["Ian Thomas Palmquist was a student at Enloe High School in Raleigh, North Carolina during the early 1990s. Palmquist begins the interview by recalling an event in 1994, around the time that he was coming to terms with his sexual orientation. After a group of students had hung posters throughout the school with messages of hate against gays and lesbians, Palmquist banded together with other students to hang up posters promoting awareness and tolerance. All students involved were ultimately suspended, but Palmquist describes how the event garnered media attention. With the help of the ACLU, Palmquist and his friends were later vindicated. Palmquist recalls how he was just beginning to \"come out\" to his friends and family during this event. For Palmquist, the process was generally positive and he was open about his sexuality during his last year in high school. In 1995, Palmquist became an undergraduate at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Palmquist describes what it was like to be a gay student at UNC during the mid-1990s, recalling how at first he did not feel like there was much of a gay community. Eventually, Palmquist joined B-GLAD (Bisexuals, Gays, Lesbians, and Allies for Diversity) and soon became a leader in that organization. Palmquist describes the role of B-GLAD on campus, its activities, and its relationship with student government. In addition, he describes the structural changes the organization was undergoing during his tenure, focusing specifically on the decision to change the name of B-GLAD to QNC (Queer Network for Change) in order to become more inclusive for transgender students. In addition, Palmquist discusses how B-GLAD promoted cooperation amongst gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgendered people, which he saw as a positive development. Palmquist concludes the interview with a discussion of the formation of Equality NC PAC in 1990 and his work with the political action committee beginning in 1999. Palmquist eventually became the director of Equality NC PAC; however, at the time of the interview he had only worked for the organization for two years. Specifically, he discusses the action committee's work towards supporting \"gay-friendly\" legislators and their efforts to raise awareness and promote tolerance.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Gay activists--North Carolina","Gay college students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","B-GLAD (Student group)","Queer Network for Change (Student group)","Gay liberation movement--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Equality NC PAC","Gays--North Carolina--Political activity","Political action committees--North Carolina","Gay rights--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ian Thomas Palmquist, June 27, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0848/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 31, 2008).","Interview participants: Ian Thomas Palmquist, interviewee; Chris McGinnis, interviewer.","Duration: 01:23:56.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Palmquist, Ian Thomas"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0844","title":"Oral history interview with Bill Hull, June 21, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGinnis, Chris","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Hull, Bill, 1945-"],"dc_date":["2001-06-21"],"dcterms_description":["Because he and all of his siblings were gay men, Bill Hull felt his sexuality was not unusual. Nonetheless, discretion was vital to southern gay men, say Hull. Public acknowledgement of homosexuality could result in economic recrimination or physical violence. He describes his coming-out experience as a teenager and the impact the liberating Chapel Hill atmosphere had on gay males. His experiences at the University of North Carolina and his participation in the local civil rights movement further awakened his sexual and social consciousness. Hull explains how the civil rights movement served as the basis for the later gay rights movement. He points to dominant gay personalities in Chapel Hill and the pivotal role early gay bars had on his sexual identity. The interview illuminates the public safe sexual havens on the UNC's campus. He describes the fear of HIV and AIDS within the gay community in the early 1980s. Hull argues that the subsequent conservative backlash against gay culture negatively impacted the openness of the Chapel Hill gay community.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Gay men--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Gay men--North Carolina--Chapel Hill--Social life and customs","Gay men--Sexual behavior--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Gay bars--North Carolina","Gay men--North Carolina--Identity","Gay men--Family relationships--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Bill Hull, June 21, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Hull, Bill, 1945-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0589","title":"Oral history interview with Leslie Thorbs, May 30, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hartman, Leda","Howes, Betty B., 1933-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Lenoir County, 35.23915, -77.64127","United States, North Carolina, Pitt County, Grifton, 35.37266, -77.43746"],"dcterms_creator":["Thorbs, Leslie, 1923-"],"dc_date":["2001-05-30"],"dcterms_description":["Leslie Thorbs grew up in a family of tenant farmers during the 1920s and 1930s in eastern North Carolina. Thorbs begins the interview with his recollections of Kennedy Farm, where his family lived and worked as tenant farmers. Thorbs recalls some of the techniques used in the farming of tobacco, cotton, soy beans, and corn. He also describes in detail the impoverished conditions his family faced during the years of the Great Depression. Like many children of similar socioeconomic status during this time, Thorbs did not complete elementary school. Although he and his siblings had helped with farm work all along, he began to work for wages at the age of eight in order to supplement the family income. Later, he became a tenant farmer in his own right and worked in that capacity until the end of the 1940s. After that, he spent the rest of his working years as a janitor at Texfi Industries and as a factory worker at the Grifton Sewing Factory. Throughout the interview, Thorbs touches on race relations, focusing on what it was like for him as an African American to work with whites, and describing his reaction to his daughter's interracial marriage. In addition to describing work, farming, living conditions, and race relations, Thorbs spends considerable time discussing his wife and their family. He met his wife when he was a teenager. Unlike Thorbs, his wife, Hattie Mae, attended high school; Thorbs met her when she was finishing school. In 1941, they traveled to South Carolina to marry; because he was only seventeen and she was only fifteen, they could not be married in North Carolina. They settled in Grifton, North Carolina, where they raised their children. All but two of their six surviving children also settled in Grifton and, as a result, all were adversely affected by the horrendous flooding wrought by Hurricane Floyd in 1999. Thorbs describes the flood and its immediate aftermath, emphasizing the fact that he and his wife were lucky to escape with their lives. Their home, along with all of their possessions, was destroyed. Thorbs describes how the entire family stayed with his daughter in Kinston, North Carolina, until it was safe for them to return home. At the time of the interview, Thorbs was still living with one of his children, grieving the recent death of his wife and waiting for his home to be made habitable.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--North Carolina--Grifton","Blue collar workers--North Carolina--Grifton","African Americans--North Carolina--Grifton--Social conditions","Farm life--North Carolina--Lenoir County","Flood damage--North Carolina--Grifton","Floods--North Carolina--Grifton","Hurricane Floyd, 1999"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Leslie Thorbs, May 30, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0589/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2008).","Interview participants: Leslie Thorbs, interviewee; Thorbs's daughter, interviewee; Leda Hartman, interviewer; Betty Howes, interviewer; unidentified speaker.","Duration: 01:04:04.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Thorbs, Leslie, 1923-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0206","title":"Oral history interview with Sam Holton, March 28, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Matthews, Jenny Lynn","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Carrboro, 35.91014, -79.07529","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Holton, Samuel M., 1922-"],"dc_date":["2001-03-28"],"dcterms_description":["Sam Holton discusses the Chapel Hill school board's efforts to desegregate its public schools. In 1968, after serving as PTA president, he was elected to the school board. There he was immediately faced with escalating racial tensions following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. --tensions that were also felt in the newly constructed and integrated Chapel Hill High School. The school failed to incorporate the traditions of the former all-black Lincoln High School, which increased blacks' feelings of marginality. The inclusion of blacks into the Chapel Hill High student culture and the high numbers of disciplinary infractions for black students eventually fueled altercations between whites and blacks, say Holton. He explains how school board members sought ways to accommodate low-income students and blacks, including curricular and extracurricular offerings. A professor of education at the University of North Carolina, Holton also provides a socioeconomic analysis of achievement gaps. He contends that students' low test achievement scores can be directly correlated to the educational level and economic class of their parents. Although a large divide exists between upper-class and low-income Chapel Hill residents, Holton is careful to argue that Chapel Hill is not racist. He insists that the local school board remains committed to the education of all students. He stresses that racial and economic balance in Chapel Hill schools is necessary to prevent middle-class whites from abandoning public schools. Without middle-class white support, Holton implies, a quality education for blacks would not exist.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","African Americans--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools (N.C.). Board of Education","Race riots--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Segregation in education--North Carolina--Durham","Chapel Hill High School (Chapel Hill, N.C.)","School board members--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Chapel Hill (N.C.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Sam Holton, March 28, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0206/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on November 13, 2008).","Interview participants: Sam Holton, interviewee; Jenny Matthews, interviewer.","Duration: 01:22:28.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Holton, Samuel M., 1922-2010"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0208","title":"Oral history interview with Fran Jackson, March 23, 2001","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Broadnax, Christa","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Jackson, Fran"],"dc_date":["2001-03-23"],"dcterms_description":["Fran Jackson attended Northside Elementary until her parents petitioned for her transfer to the integrated Guy B. Phillips Junior High School. She argues that her parents and other black adults supported integration because better resources would be available to black students. Her parents' dedication to integration included paying for cab rides to and from the integrated school. Jackson herself, however, was less enthusiastic about integration. She enjoyed the assortment of extracurricular activities and caring teachers at Northside Elementary but felt isolated from the other white students and the predominantly white faculty. After graduating from high school in the late 1960s, she made a conscious choice to attend a historically black school, Johnson C. Smith University. There she adopted Afrocentric ideas, which she shared with her younger sisters, who helped lead the student call for more black teachers, the inclusion of black school traditions, and the creation of a black studies curriculum at Chapel Hill High School. Jackson also describes what she views as the hypocrisy of Chapel Hill's liberalism. She argues that tight racial and class boundaries maintained white privilege and that school desegregation hastened the demise of black cultural institutions.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","African Americans--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Chapel Hill (N.C.)--Race relations--20th century","African American students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","High schools--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","African Americans--Social conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Fran Jackson, March 23, 2001"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0208/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Fran Jackson, interviewee; Christa Broadnax, interviewer.","Duration: 00:55:04.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Jackson, Fran"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":22,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":24,"total_count":258,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Sound","hits":258},{"value":"Text","hits":258}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Pollitt, Daniel H.","hits":10},{"value":"Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","hits":4},{"value":"Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990","hits":3},{"value":"Baker, Ella, 1903-1986","hits":2},{"value":"Barnes, Billy E. 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