{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0034","title":"Oral history interview with Marion Wright, March 8, 1978","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032","United States, South Carolina, Richland County, Columbia, 34.00071, -81.03481"],"dcterms_creator":["Wright, Marion A. (Marion Allan), 1894-1983"],"dc_date":["1978-03-08"],"dcterms_description":["Marion Wright describes his beliefs about racial justice and his membership in the Southern Regional Council (SRC). Wright was one of a group of white southerners who sought to tackle the entrenched racism of the twentieth-century South. As a member of the SRC, Wright sought to end legal segregation, although he and other members were sensitive to pushing for too much change too quickly. The group also stayed off the streets as protest mounted, seeking to maintain its authority as well as its tax-exempt status. As the civil rights movement reached new beginnings in the 1950s and 1960s, the SRC faded. This interview is a portrait of a civil rights leader in the era before the movement was defined by direct action.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--North Carolina","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Southern Regional Council","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","University of South Carolina--Students"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Marion Wright, March 8, 1978"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0034/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on June 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Marion Wright, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer.","Duration: 01:43:13.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wright, Marion A. (Marion Allan), 1894-1983"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0043","title":"Oral history interview with William Patrick Murphy, January 17, 1978","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Devereux, Sean","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Lafayette County, 34.35675, -89.48492","United States, Mississippi, Lafayette County, Oxford, 34.3665, -89.51925"],"dcterms_creator":["Murphy, William P. (William Patrick), 1919-2007"],"dc_date":["1978-01-17"],"dcterms_description":["In the 1950s, lawyer William Patrick Murphy fought what he describes as a relatively understated battle against segregation. In letters, law journal articles, and in his constitutional law class at the University of Mississippi, Murphy argued for the wisdom of the Brown decision and against the states' rights rationale that many white Mississippians were using to delay integration. His support for integration put him under tremendous pressure from segregationist Mississippians, and after a four-year struggle to keep his job, he left the University. He describes that struggle in this interview, all the while downplaying his contributions to racial justice in Mississippi. This reflective interview will be useful for, among others, researchers interested in white southerners who sought to undo segregation.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Mississippi--Race relations","School integration--Mississippi","Lawyers--Mississippi","College teachers--Mississippi--Oxford","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi","Academic freedom--Mississippi","University of Mississippi"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Patrick Murphy, January 17, 1978"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0043/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 24, 2008).","Interview participants: William Patrick Murphy, interviewee; Sean Devereux, interviewer.","Duration: 01:01:48.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Murphy, William P. (William Patrick), 1919-2007"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0128","title":"Oral history interview with Geraldine Ray, September 13, 1997","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Navies, Kelly Elaine","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Buncombe County, 35.61122, -82.5301","United States, North Carolina, Buncombe County, Barnardsville, 35.77761, -82.45485"],"dcterms_creator":["Ray, Geraldine, 1937-"],"dc_date":["1977-09-13"],"dcterms_description":["Geraldine Ray is a lifelong resident of Barnardsville, North Carolina, a small town near Asheville. Ray describes her childhood and young adulthood caring for her disabled grandmother, working on the family farm, and attending all-black segregated schools. She recalls racial segregation as relatively easy to avoid compared to the segregation and prejudice that her black neighbors practiced based on skin tone. She devoted most of her time to school work, raising livestock, cooking, and helping to plant tobacco. She learned these skills from her grandmother because her parents left the state while Geraldine was young. Geraldine briefly lived with her father in Cincinnati before returning to Barnardsville to care for her grandmother. She sacrificed her love of education and desire for a career to nurse her relatives and friends through several illnesses, though she also endured health problems. The interview ends with discussions about her marriage to childhood friend J. T. Ray, her two miscarriages, and raising her two children.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Family--North Carolina--Social life and customs--20th century","North Carolina--Race relations","African American women--North Carolina--History--20th century","African Americans--Segregation--North Carolina","Buncombe County (N.C.)","African American women--North Carolina--Barnardsville","African Americans--North Carolina--Barnardsville--Social life and customs","Farm life--North Carolina--Barnardsville","Barnardsville (N.C.)-- Race relations","Segregation--North Carolina--Barnardsville"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Geraldine Ray, September 13, 1997"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0128/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 18, 2008).","Interview participants: Geraldine Ray, interviewee; Kelly Elaine Navies, interviewer.","Duration: 01:21:53.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ray, Geraldine, 1937-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0024","title":"Oral history interview with Broadus Mitchell, August 14 and 15, 1977","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Frederickson, Mary","Mitchell, Louise Pearson, 1906-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Maryland, City of Baltimore, 39.29038, -76.61219","United States, Maryland, Wicomico County, 38.36942, -75.63151","United States, Maryland, Wicomico County, Salisbury, 38.36067, -75.59937","United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":["Mitchell, Broadus, 1892-1988"],"dc_date":["1977-08-14/1977-08-15"],"dcterms_description":["John Broadus Mitchell was born in Georgetown, Kentucky, in 1892 into a family with roots in religion and education. Mitchell describes his upbringing and the strong influence of both his parents. Mitchell discusses his father's education and career as a professor of history, his parents' liberal political leanings, and their community involvement. Mitchell also describes his perceptions of race while growing up in Kentucky, Virginia, and South Carolina. Mitchell became an economic historian; he describes in detail how the textile industry shifted its base of power from New England to the southern states in the late nineteenth century, and he talks at length about the impact of industrialization on southern communities. Mitchell became particularly interested in the politics of labor and race. He explains the purposes of labor education programs, notably the Summer School for Women Workers at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania and the Southern Summer School for Women Workers in North Carolina, and his participation in those endeavors. In the 1920s, Mitchell moved to Baltimore to teach at Johns Hopkins University. In the 1930s, he came under the administration's scrutiny when he publicly spoke out about a lynching in Salisbury, Maryland, advocated for the admittance of an African American graduate student to the university, and began to embrace socialist politics. He resigned in 1939. During the years of World War II, he worked briefly at Occidental College and New York University before finding a tenured position in the economics department at Rutgers University. Mitchell continued to be involved in leftist politics during the 1940s, and in the 1950s he participated in a movement at Rutgers to combat McCarthyism in academia. Throughout this interview, Mitchell emphasizes the influence of his upbringing on his political beliefs, and he relates his own experiences to those of his siblings who also were engaged in activism related to labor and race. Towards the end of the interview, Mitchell's wife, Louise, joins the interview and discusses her career in teaching, her own community involvement, and her efforts to balance the demands of work and family.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Virginia--Race relations","Teachers--Southern States","Socialists--Southern States","Southern Summer School for Workers in Industry (U.S.)","Southern States--Race relations","Southern States--Politics and government--20th century","Textile industry--Southern States--20th century","Industrial revolution--Southern States","Textile workers--Southern States--Social conditions","Johns Hopkins University","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","Lynching--Maryland--Salisbury"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Broadus Mitchell, August 14 and 15, 1977"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0024/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on February 12, 2008).","Interview participants: Broadus Mitchell, interviewee; Mrs. Mitchell, interviewee; Mary Frederickson, interviewer.","Duration: 03:53:51.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Mitchell, Broadus, 1892-1988","Mitchell, Louise Pearson, 1906-1986"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_h-0003","title":"Oral history interview with Clyde Cook, July 10, 1977","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hester, Rosemarie","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Stanly County, 35.31199, -80.25092","United States, North Carolina, Stanly County, Badin, 35.40597, -80.11672"],"dcterms_creator":["Cook, Clyde, 1912-1988"],"dc_date":["1977-07-10"],"dcterms_description":["In 1916, Clyde Cook's father moved his family to Badin, North Carolina, in order to find a job at Alcoa Aluminum Company. Cook describes growing up in Badin, focusing on his experiences in segregated schools. Because the schools were owned and operated by Alcoa, Cook blames the company for the inequalities he and other African American students experienced. Cook began to work for Alcoa at the age of sixteen; although there were times when he was laid off and found other employment as a journeyman bricklayer, he worked for Alcoa during most of his working life. In describing his experiences at work, Cook focuses on his frustration with racial hierarchies and the limits imposed on mobility for African American workers within the plant. According to Cook, the election of Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 marked a turning point for these kinds of economic injustices, although there were still obstacles along the way. For instance, Cook describes how African Americans were discouraged and intimidated by their employers during the process of unionization. Nevertheless, enough African Americans joined the ranks of organized labor that conditions gradually began to improve for them throughout the 1940s and 1950s in the plant. Finally, Cook briefly discusses his other activities in the community, focusing on his work with the NAACP. At the time of the interview in 1977, Cook was beginning his second year as the president of the NAACP in Stanly County, North Carolina. Cook describes the persistent lack of job opportunities for African Americans and his goal to open new opportunities for them.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Steel industry and trade--Employees--Southern States","African Americans in steel industry and trade--Southern States","Blue collar workers--North Carolina--Badin","African American men--North Carolina--Badin","African Americans--Employment--North Carolina--Badin","African Americans--North Carolina--Badin--Social conditions","Badin (N.C.)--Race relations","Metal-workers--Employment--North Carolina--Badin","Metal-workers--Labor unions--Organizing--North Carolina--Badin","Aluminum Company of America","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Stanly County Branch"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Clyde Cook, July 10, 1977"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0003/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 3, 2008).","Interview participants: Clyde Cook, interviewee; Rosemarie Hester, interviewer.","Duration: 00:58:44.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Cook, Clyde, 1912-1988"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_h-0110","title":"Oral history interview with Oscar Dearmont Baker, June 1977","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Dilley, Patty","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Catawba County, 35.66261, -81.21448","United States, North Carolina, Catawba County, Conover, 35.70652, -81.21869"],"dcterms_creator":["Baker, Oscar Dearmont"],"dc_date":["1977-06"],"dcterms_description":["Oscar Dearmont Baker grew up in Conover, North Carolina. He left home at the age of eighteen and spent several years traveling as a railroad worker and as a groom on the horseshow circuit. By the mid-1930s, Baker returned to Conover, where he followed the family tradition of working in the furniture industry. From the mid-1930s into the 1940s, Baker worked for Conover Furniture. He describes how that company changed when ownership transferred from Walter Baker to Jim Broyhill. According to Baker, the change in ownership was largely beneficial for the workers, as evidenced by higher wages and better benefits. During those years, Baker also worked briefly for several hosiery mills. In the 1940s, Baker left factory work for a time to run a cafe with his wife. When her health declined, however, they sold their cafe, and Baker returned to work in the furniture industry, this time as a worker at the Trendline factory. Baker witnessed several failed efforts to unionize workers during his tenure there. He explains that he voted against unionization because he believed that Trendline had sufficient wages and substantial benefits, such as the pension system introduced during the early 1960s. Baker also offers his assessment on community changes in Conover. He argues that the community has undergone much growth and has seen conditions improve for African Americans.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Furniture workers--North Carolina--Conover","African American men--North Carolina--Conover","Furniture workers--Employment--North Carolina--Conover","African Americans--Employment--North Carolina--Conover","Conover (N.C.)--Social conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Oscar Dearmont Baker, June 1977"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0110/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 5, 2008).","Interview participants: Oscar Dearmont Baker, interviewee; Patty Dilley, interviewer.","Duration: 02:04:22.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Oscar Dearmont"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_g-0008","title":"Oral history interview with Ella Baker, April 19, 1977","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Thrasher, Sue","Hayden, Casey","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Baker, Ella, 1903-1986"],"dc_date":["1977-04-19"],"dcterms_description":["Civil rights activist and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) mentor Ella Josephine Baker outlines her family history, traces her growing radical tendencies, and explains the catalysts that pushed her into public activism. Baker opens the interview with her own family's history. She explains how important the church was to her family and to the life of her community, and she reflects on how that heritage affected her later social activism. She also describes how economic pressures led to a migration of rural southern black families -- including her own -- to large cities during the early twentieth century: to find work, Baker's father and several of his siblings moved from Warren County, North Carolina, to Norfolk, Virginia. Her father found a job on a steamer that ran from Norfolk to Washington, D.C. After a few years in Norfolk, Baker, her brother, and her mother moved back to North Carolina while her father remained in Virginia to work. Baker attended Shaw University for nine years, completing both her high school and college education at the same institution. While there, she took issue with some of the positions of the university's administration; meanwhile she felt that the professors prompted her to begin questioning her society. After graduating from Shaw, Baker moved to New York City and began working with the Workers' Education Project (WEP). After a few years with the WEP, she became involved in the Cooperative League (CL), an alliance of cooperative businesses. Through her contacts in the CL, Baker joined the NAACP in the early 1940s. She discusses the limitations placed on women in the organization and how she overcame them. Though Baker had enjoyed her work for the NAACP, she felt that the administrative leadership took advantage of her abilities without according her a similar level of recognition or respect. For this reason, she left her job after four and a half years. Soon thereafter, Baker married and assumed guardianship of her niece. In the 1950s, Baker became involved in education activism and, in 1958, she returned to the South, quickly joining the protests occurring in Montgomery. She was the only woman present at the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and she speaks briefly about the important leaders that emerged from that organization. While working for the SCLC, Baker helped organize SNCC and mentored its leaders as they separated from the SCLC.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women civil rights workers--Southern States","African American women social reformers--New York (State)--New York","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ella Baker, April 19, 1977"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0008/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Ella Baker, interviewee; Sue Thrasher, interviewer; Casey Hayden, interviewer.","Duration: 03:09:41.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Ella, 1903-1986"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0313","title":"Oral history interview with Jonathan Worth Daniels, March 9-11, 1977","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Eagles, Charles W.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, 36.036, -78.87632","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584","United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Raleigh, 35.7721, -78.63861"],"dcterms_creator":["Daniels, Jonathan, 1902-1981"],"dc_date":["1977-03-09/1977-03-11"],"dcterms_description":["In this wonderfully candid interview, Jonathan Worth Daniels describes the political and social changes he witnessed from the early 1900s to the mid-1940s in North Carolina. Daniels was born into two prominent political North Carolinian families, the Bagleys and the Daniels, in 1902. Daniels's parents modeled paternalistic behavior in their dealings with the family's black servants. He recalls that race relations were pleasant, but notes that blacks were subservient to whites. Daniels's father, Josephus, actively participated in the 1898 white supremacy campaign by using his newspaper, the News and Observer, to disseminate Democratic and anti-black rhetoric. Josephus's opposition to black political power grew out of Reconstruction-era politics. Although his father provided significant political help with the white supremacist campaign in the late 1890s, Daniels remembers his father as helpful to black workers privately. When his father moved to Washington, D.C., as Secretary of the Navy under Woodrow Wilson, Daniels's own relationship with blacks changed; when he was a young child, blacks were his playmates, but during his adolescence, his social relationships with blacks came to an end. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill profoundly shaped Daniels's personal and professional life. As editor of college's newspaper, the Daily Tar Heel, Daniels gained practical experience for his future career as an editor for the Raleigh News and Observer. His participation in the Carolina Playmakers theatre group enhanced his creative flair. After college, Daniels worked at a Louisville, Kentucky, paper under his uncle Judge Robert Bingham's tutelage. By the early 1930s, Daniels had written his first novel and moved to New York City to attend Columbia Law School. Harry Luce hired him to work with Fortune magazine. He later returned to Raleigh to serve as the editor of the Raleigh News and Observer. Daniels argues that racial views must be seen in the light of one's era. He also explains that the characteristics of effective leaders are largely decisiveness and action.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","North Carolina--Politics and government","Press and politics--North Carolina","Newspaper editors--North Carolina--Raleigh","News \u0026 observer (Raleigh, N.C. : 1894)","American newspapers--North Carolina--Raleigh","Journalism--North Carolina--Raleigh","University of North Carolina (1793-1962)--Students","Raleigh (N.C.)--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jonathan Worth Daniels, March 9-11, 1977"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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