{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0044","title":"Oral history interview with Edward L. Rankin, August 20, 1987","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Rankin, Edward L., 1919-"],"dc_date":["1987-08-20"],"dcterms_description":["In 1948, Edward L. Rankin left his job as a journalist in order to work as William Umstead's press assistant during the his gubernatorial campaign. Umstead was not elected in 1948, but when he chose to run again in 1952, Rankin eagerly joined him on the campaign trail and became Umstead's private secretary after his election that year. Rankin describes his perception of Umstead as a personal friend and as a political figure, his struggle with illness, and his death in 1954. Rankin focuses on Umstead's reaction to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, handed down just prior to his untimely demise. According to Rankin, Umstead took care to understand the meaning of the decision and its potential ramifications for the South before working to establish a citizens group headed by Tom Pearsall. Although Umstead believed that Brown was a mistake on the part of the Supreme Court, he was determined that North Carolina would abide by the Court's decree. Following Umstead's death, Rankin stayed on as private secretary to Umstead's successor, Luther Hodges. According to Rankin, although Hodges and Umstead had not had the most congenial personal relationship, Hodges was determined to maintain Umstead's approach to the issue of school desegregation. Rankin describes in detail the activities of the Pearsall group, the spectrum of responses to the Brown decision and the Pearsall Plan (1956), and efforts to challenge its implementation. He discusses the leadership roles of such individuals as Governor Hodges, Tom Pearsall, lawyer Paul Johnston, and state superintendent Charlie Carroll. Rankin's recollection of this tumultuous time in North Carolina history draws attention to the role of political leaders in mediating a potentially explosive political minefield.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government","North Carolina--Biography","North Carolina--Officials and employees","Governors--North Carolina","Education and state--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-","Political leadership"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Edward L. Rankin, August 20, 1987"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0044/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 29, 2008).","Interview participants: Edward L. Rankin, interviewee; Jay Jenkins, interviewer.","Duration: 01:34:55.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rankin, Edward L., 1919-2006","Umstead, William Bradley, 1895-1954"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0035","title":"Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, May 16, 1987","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dc_date":["1987-05-16"],"dcterms_description":["William Dallas Herring, longtime chair of the North Carolina State Board of Education, discusses some of the issues he encountered during his tenure. He speaks in detail about education issues at the time of the interview, and offers his opinions on the state of democracy in the United States. Herring believes strongly in representative democracy, and worries that institutions across the country and in the state are falling prey to complacency, entrenched incumbency, and flawed processes. On a more granular level, Herring shares his opinion on proposed changes to the election of superintendent of education, evaluation of teacher performance, and curricula.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","Educators--North Carolina","North Carolina--Biography","North Carolina. State Board of Education--Officials and employees","Education and state--North Carolina","Educators--North Carolina--Attitudes","Education--Political aspects--North Carolina","Teachers--Certification--North Carolina","Accreditation (Education)--North Carolina","Race relations in school management--North Carolina","Education--Curricula--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, May 16, 1987"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0035/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 30, 2008).","Interview participants: William Dallas Herring, interviewee; Jay Jenkins, interviewer.","Duration: 02:20:39.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0034","title":"Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, February 14, 1987","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Duplin County, 34.93628, -77.93294","United States, North Carolina, Duplin County, Kenansville, 34.96239, -77.96221"],"dcterms_creator":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dc_date":["1987-02-14"],"dcterms_description":["William Dallas Herring began his career in education politics on the school board in Duplin County, North Carolina, and eventually became chairman of the North Carolina State Board of Education. In Duplin County and statewide, Herring sought to consolidate school districts and give as much control as possible to local decision-makers. His devotion to comprehensive education (as opposed to choosing to support either vocational or liberal arts education) sometimes put him at odds with other board members and state leaders. In this interview, Herring describes some of these conflicts, offering broad pronouncements about education and the details of policy wrangling. Many of these details come in Herring's recollections about the growth of the community college system in North Carolina in the late 1950s and 1960s. Researchers should read this interview with its partner, C-0035.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","Educators--North Carolina","North Carolina--Biography","North Carolina. State Board of Education--Officials and employees","Education and state--North Carolina","School integration--North Carolina","Community colleges--Curricula--North Carolina","Technical education--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-","Duplin County (N.C.). Board of Education"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, February 14, 1987"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0034/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 30, 2008).","Interview participants: William Dallas Herring, interviewee; Jay Jenkins, interviewer.","Duration: 02:55:51.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0031","title":"Oral history interview with William and Josephine Clement, June 19, 1986","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Weare, Juanita","Clement, Josephine","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Clement, William A., 1912-"],"dc_date":["1986-06-19"],"dcterms_description":["William and Josephine Clement were married in 1941 and first moved to Durham, North Carolina, during the 1940s. Both were born and raised in the South, had always been strong advocates for racial progress, and quickly became involved in community organizations, particularly in support of school integration. Josephine eventually was elected to the Durham City Board of Education in the early 1970s and became increasingly involved in local politics after that. In this interview, both Josephine and William discuss their family histories and cover a broad range of topics while doing so. Josephine speaks at great length about her experiences growing up in Atlanta, Georgia, during the 1920s and 1930s. She emphasizes the examples her parents set for her and her sisters. She explains her father's inclination towards radical politics, his efforts to challenge and break racial barriers, and the presence of strong African American woman role models. In addition, she describes her own education and her strong dedication to her family. William likewise describes his family background, but focuses more on his involvement with the Masons and his work with North Carolina Mutual. Throughout the interview, the Clements stress the importance of confidence and self-esteem for African Americans, as well as the importance of group solidarity in achieving progress for changing race relations.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","African Americans--Education--North Carolina","School integration--North Carolina--Durham","African American women civic leaders--North Carolina--Durham","African American executives--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company","African American business enterprises--North Carolina--Durham","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William and Josephine Clement, June 19, 1986"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0031/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 29, 2008).","Interview participants: William Clement, interviewee; Josephine Clement, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer; Juanita Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 03:10:11.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Clement, Josephine","Clement, William A., 1912-2001"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0029-2","title":"Oral history interview with Thomas Jackson White Jr., March 14, 1986","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Dean, Pamela","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Raleigh, 35.7721, -78.63861"],"dcterms_creator":["White, Thomas J. (Thomas Jackson), 1903-1991"],"dc_date":["1986-03-14"],"dcterms_description":["At the time of this interview, in 1986, Thomas Jackson White Jr. could look back on decades as a civil and criminal lawyer in eastern North Carolina, terms in both houses of the North Carolina General Assembly in the 1950s and 1960s, a stint as a lobbyist, positions on the governing bodies of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a long career of influence in state politics. In this interview, White describes some of his experiences as a leader in North Carolina. He speaks at length in the first half of the interview about his eighteen-year chairmanship of the State Art Museum Building Commission, time he says he spent navigating resistance from Raleigh residents, bureaucratic mazes, the press, and party politics. In the second half, White focuses on his career as a lobbyist for the tobacco industry, offering a behind-the-scenes look at how the legislature works. This interview offers not just a portrait of an influential North Carolinian, but also insight into the intricacies of state government. White died in 1991.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Officials and employees","Lobbyists--North Carolina","North Carolina Museum of Art--Planning","Tobacco industry--Political aspects--North Carolina","North Carolina. General Assembly.","Art museums--Design and construction--Political aspects--North Carolina--Raleigh"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Thomas Jackson White Jr., March 14, 1986"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0029-2/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on May 6, 2008).","Interview participants: Thomas Jackson White, Jr., interviewee; Pamela Dean, interviewer.","Duration: 02:43:34.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["White, Thomas J. (Thomas Jackson), 1903-1991"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0008","title":"Oral history interview with Harvey B. Gantt, January 6, 1986","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Haessly, Lynn","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte, 35.22709, -80.84313","United States, North Carolina, Warren County, 36.39659, -78.1069","United States, North Carolina, Warren County, Soul City, 36.40848, -78.27027","United States, South Carolina, Anderson County, 34.51909, -82.63788","United States, South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston, 32.77657, -79.93092","United States, South Carolina, Pickens County, Clemson, 34.68344, -82.83737"],"dcterms_creator":["Gantt, Harvey B. (Harvey Bernard), 1943-"],"dc_date":["1986-01-06"],"dcterms_description":["Architect and politician Harvey Gantt describes his ascent from a childhood in segregated Charleston, South Carolina, to becoming the first black mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. Along the way, Gantt led sit-ins in Charleston, integrated Clemson University, and became a successful architect in Charlotte. While he describes his career path, Gantt discusses civil rights in the American South. As a southerner, he sees the accomplishments of the civil rights movement as dramatic; as a member of the black middle class, he leans toward negotiation rather than revolt. After the movement's major successes, while northern activists were pushing for more change, Gantt sought to take advantage of his new opportunities. He sees his success both resulting from and contributing to civil rights for African Americans.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Politics and government","Southern States--Race relations","African American politicians--North Carolina","African American politicians--North Carolina--Charlotte","Mayors--North Carolina--Charlotte","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","College integration--South Carolina--Clemson","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--South Carolina--Charleston","Soul City (N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Harvey B. Gantt, January 6, 1986"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0008/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on October 29, 2008).","Interview participants: Harvey B. Gantt, interviewee; Lynn Haessly, interviewer.","Duration: 01:14:43.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Gantt, Harvey B. (Harvey Bernard), 1943-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0039","title":"Oral history interview with Elizabeth and Courtney Siceloff, July 8, 1985","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Siceloff, Courtney","Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, Beaufort County, Saint Helena Island, 32.38686, -80.56066","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Siceloff, Elizabeth, 1922-2003"],"dc_date":["1985-07-08"],"dcterms_description":["Elizabeth Siceloff began working with the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen (FSC) in 1945. Courtney Siceloff joined the organization after the two were married in 1949. Elizabeth served as a secretary for the FSC, while Courtney served as a minister with the organization. Coming from the Presbyterian and Methodist faiths respectively, the FSC blurred denominational lines. The Siceloffs describe the FSC as concerned with promoting the social gospel through worker education and economic justice. In 1950, they were assigned to the Penn School on Saint Helena Island, South Carolina, where they remained until 1969. During this time, civil rights leaders utilized the Penn School's interracial facilities. The Siceloffs discuss the shortcomings of the Fellowship and the problems with activist work. Despite the social purpose of the Fellowship, few females and blacks were appointed to executive positions. Elizabeth also acknowledges the difficulty of FSC work, as members had to weigh economic stability against following their consciences. Furthermore, much of the local press and several southern states opposed the work of the FSC. The Siceloffs discuss the theological divide within the organization and note that gender and generational tensions within the FSC were also a source of tension until Nelle Morton began working to eliminate cliques. The Siceloffs have high regard for Morton, who helped bolster the organizational strength of the FSC through a focus on strengthening its financial standing. After Morton's tenure, Howard \"Buck\" Kester took over. They describe Kester as a Christian renegade who focused more on promoting work camps than on bolstering the FSC organization. The Siceloffs describe how Kester and Myles Horton established Highlander Folk School but went different ways because of ideological differences. This separation was indicative of a larger, growing divide among FSC members, who debated whether the purpose and mission of the Fellowship was to continue field work or to focus on an organizational agenda.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","Women civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Church and social problems--Southern States","Social justice--Southern States--Religious aspects--Christianity","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Penn School (Saint Helena Island, S.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Elizabeth and Courtney Siceloff, July 8, 1985"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0039/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 30, 2008).","Interview participants: Elizabeth Siceloff, interviewee; Courtney Siceloff, interviewee; Dallas Blanchard, interviewer.","Duration: 01:21:17.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Siceloff, Elizabeth, 1922-2003","Siceloff, Courtney"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0021","title":"Oral history interview with J. Randolph Taylor, May 23, 1985","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Kalk, Bruce H., 1963-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Taylor, J. Randolph (John Randolph), 1929-"],"dc_date":["1985-05-23"],"dcterms_description":["At the time of this 1985 interview, J. Randolph Taylor was just leaving his Charlotte pastorate to assume the presidency of San Francisco Theological Seminary (SFTS). Taylor begins by explaining the influence his parents, particularly his father, had on him. Until his mother died when he was three, his family lived in China's Kiangsu province. At that point, his father moved the family back to the United States, but Taylor values his early exposure to the non-Western church. After college, Taylor and his wife Arline went to Scotland so he could study the works of James Denney under New Testament theologian Archibald M. Hunter. After he earned his degree, the Taylors returned to America, where he took a pulpit at the Church of the Pilgrims in Washington, D.C. During that time, Taylor became aware of his own racism and decided that \"guilt is not an adequate response.\" With the Reverend Jefferson Rogers, he helped launch the Washington Branch of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and through that organization, he met Martin Luther King Jr. Shortly before King's death, Arline and Randolph moved to Atlanta to lead Central Presbyterian Church, and he formed a partnership between his congregation and King's church. These experiences convinced him only interracial cooperation would solve America's racial problems, but he was one of the only whites involved in the SCLC. He helped found A Fellowship of Concern, a Presbyterian anti-racism organization, as a way to increase the participation of white churchgoers in these efforts. At this point in the interview, Taylor examines how various church organizations, especially seminaries, congregations, and Presbyterian denominations handled desegregation. Taylor believes that his immersion in southern life was an advantage because he not only attacked injustice, but also helped heal the wounds that the civil rights movement left. By 1985, Taylor believed the American church needed to address more than racial inequality, and he explains which areas remain and the theological reasons for choosing those areas. Moving from that topic, he expounds upon his foundational beliefs. One of Taylor's most important denominational roles was when he co-chaired the Joint Committee on Presbyterian Union, and he clarifies how the committee reconciled the doctrinal, structural, philosophical, and racial differences between the church's northern and southern branches. He offers his perspective on the ecumenical movement and its benefits. Over the last half of the twentieth century, conservative evangelicalism grew in influence among the mainline churches, and Taylor considers why it spread, what its benefits are, and what pitfalls denominations must avoid. He ends the interview by looking forward to his new post at SFTS, explaining what he hopes to accomplish there.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Presbyterian Church--Clergy--North Carolina","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Presbyterian Church--Southern States--Clergy","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations--Religious aspects","Segregation--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Church and social problems--Presbyterian Church","Presbyterian Church in the U.S.","Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with J. Randolph Taylor, May 23, 1985"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0021/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 26, 2008).","Interview participants: J. Randolph Taylor, interviewee; Bruce Kalk, interviewer.","Duration: 01:39:23.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Taylor, J. Randolph (John Randolph), 1929-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0007","title":"Oral history interview with William W. Finlator, April 19, 1985","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Raleigh, 35.7721, -78.63861"],"dcterms_creator":["Finlator, William Wallace, 1913-"],"dc_date":["1985-04-19"],"dcterms_description":["Longtime civil rights advocate Reverend William W. Finlator speaks powerfully about decades of activism and the future of rights in America. Finlator's activism was wide-ranging: he marched for integration in the 1950s and 1960s, joined vigils protesting capital punishment in North Carolina, and advocated for the rights of migrant workers. During a life of activism, he developed strong opinions about capital punishment, racism, the neglect of the poor, and what he saw as the pernicious influence of religion over politics. His most passionate language, however, is devoted to the defense of working people.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--North Carolina","Baptists--Clergy--North Carolina--History--20th century","Baptists--North Carolina--Raleigh--Clergy","Civil rights workers--North Carolina","Social reformers--North Carolina--Attitudes","Church and social problems--Southern States","Religious right--United States","Civil rights--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William W. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Finlator, William Wallace, 1913-2006"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0013","title":"Oral history interview with Jean Fairfax, October 15, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Fairfax, Jean, 1920-"],"dc_date":["1985-03-06"],"dcterms_description":["Jean Fairfax was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. Following her education in theology, Fairfax moved South where she served as the Dean of Women at both Kentucky State College and Tuskegee Institute. Fairfax resided in the South from 1942 until 1946; thereafter, she spent two years abroad doing missionary work, after which she moved to New England. Around 1957, she returned to the South, where she became actively involved in the civil rights movement. In this interview, Fairfax focuses primarily on her perceptions of the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen, paying particular attention to its goals and its leaders. According to Fairfax, the primary goal of the Fellowship was to promote universal Christian fellowship. Because of the emphasis on unity, the Fellowship was increasingly concerned with issues of race and desegregation. Fairfax recalls that challenging racism was a present theme in the activities of the Fellowship while she was associated with the organization, and she asserts that its views on gender and class were also progressive. In addition, Fairfax describes leaders within the Fellowship. While she focuses primarily on the leadership roles and styles of Nelle Morton and Reinhold Niebuhr, she also offers her thoughts on such leaders as Howard \"Buck\" Kester, Charles Jones, and Will Campbell. Fairfax concludes that her work in the civil rights movement was a natural outgrowth of her involvement in the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen and explains that the Fellowship gave her both confidence in herself and in others in the pursuit of challenging Jim Crow segregation.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina","African American women civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jean Fairfax, October 15, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Fairfax, Jean, 1920-2019"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0017","title":"Oral history interview with Virginia Grantham, March 6, 1985","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Guilford County, Greensboro, 36.07264, -79.79198"],"dcterms_creator":["Grantham, Virginia"],"dc_date":["1985-03-06"],"dcterms_description":["Virginia Grantham became a participant in the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen when she moved to North Carolina (probably during the late 1930s or early 1940s). Grantham's participation became more overt in the late 1940s when she and her husband settled in Greensboro, North Carolina, where he taught history at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. In this interview, Grantham discusses various leaders and figures within the Fellowship and offers her thoughts on that group's relationship to various social and political issues. After briefly discussing the role of socialism within the Fellowship, Grantham shifts her focus to the Fellowship's relationship to the civil rights movement. She explains that she was interested in the Fellowship because of her own support of desegregation. She concludes the interview by discussing the sit-in movement in Greensboro and the overlap between members of the Fellowship and civil rights activists.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Women civil rights workers--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Virginia Grantham, March 6, 1985"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Grantham, Virginia"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0029","title":"Oral history interview with James Lawson, October 24, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Davidson County, Nashville, 36.16589, -86.78444"],"dcterms_creator":["Lawson, James M., 1928-"],"dc_date":["1983-10-24"],"dcterms_description":["James M. Lawson was a key ally to Martin Luther King Jr. and also an important theoretician and practitioner of nonviolent protest. After briefly summarizing his childhood in Pennsylvania, Lawson describes how he became involved with the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen through activist preacher Will D. Campbell. Lawson's activism began during his time in Nashville, Tennessee. He relates how the Fisk and Vanderbilt students learned nonviolent protest, and describes how he helped organize and execute the Nashville sit-ins. Lawson devotes much of the interview to discussions of his relationship with various civil rights activists, including Kelly Miller Smith, Nelle Morton, Myles Horton, James Dombrowski, and James Holloway. Though Lawson was expelled from Vanderbilt because of his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and his participation in the sit-ins, he remembers that several of the faculty members offered him a great amount of personal support. He also reconciled with some of his opponents later in life. Lawson closes the interview by asserting that the actions of the 1950s and 1960s emerged from the union and labor rights movements of the 1930s and 1940s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","African Americans--Religion","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","Civil rights movements--Tennessee--Nashville","African Americans--Civil rights--Tennessee--Nashville"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with James Lawson, October 24, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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