{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0016","title":"Oral history interview with Septima Poinsette Clark, July 25, 1976","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","United States, South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston, 32.77657, -79.93092","United States, Tennessee, Franklin County, 35.15496, -86.09218","United States, Tennessee, Grundy County, 35.38837, -85.72258","United States, Tennessee, Marion County, Monteagle, 35.24008, -85.8397"],"dcterms_creator":["Clark, Septima Poinsette, 1898-1987"],"dc_date":["1976-07-25"],"dcterms_description":["Septima Clark was a teacher and citizen's education director for the Highlander Folk School and Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She also worked with the South Carolina Council on Human Relations, YWCA, and American Friends Service Committee. This interview covers her childhood in Charleston, South Carolina, and her family's efforts to survive poverty and racial prejudice. Her mother was a washerwoman reared in Haiti, and her father was a former slave on the Poinsette plantation. Her first job as a teacher on John's Island from 1916 to 1919 led to her early activism with the NAACP, her friendship with Judge and Mrs. Waring, and her work with the Charleston YWCA. She married Nerie David Clark as an act of rebellion against her parents, but she chose not to remarry after his early death. She attended college in Columbia, returned to Charleston in 1947, and lobbied for the first local credit union to serve black workers. After she lost her teaching position in 1956 due to her NAACP membership, she worked for the Highlander Folk School encouraging voter registration and education. The SCLC hired her to form education programs, but her plans for increasing community involvement, protecting the labor rights of black teachers, and educating black voters were often ignored because she was female. The interview ends with her thoughts on why she started receiving more recognition for her work in the mid-1970s.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 21, 2008).","Interview participants: Septima Poinsette Clark, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["South Carolina--Race relations","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Trade-unions--Officials and employees--Southern States--Education","Women civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia","African American women civil rights workers","African American women educators","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","Segregation--Southern States","African Americans--Suffrage--Southern States","Race relations in school management--South Carolina--Charleston","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Charleston (S.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--South Carolina--Charleston--Social life and customs","Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Septima Poinsette Clark, July 25, 1976"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0016/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 378 kilobytes, 415 megabytes.","Mode of access: World Wide Web.","System requirements: Web browser with Javascript enabled and multimedia player.","MP3 format / ca. 415 MB, 03:46:55"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Clark, Septima Poinsette, 1898-1987"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0049-1","title":"Oral history interview with Anne Queen, April 30, 1976","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Herzenberg, Joseph A., 1941-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Queen, Anne, 1911-2005"],"dc_date":["1976-04-30"],"dcterms_description":["Anne Queen was born into a working family in Canton, North Carolina. She graduated from high school in 1930 and accepted a job at the Champion Paper and Fibre Company, where she worked for ten years. During this time she grew to identify herself as a New Deal Democrat. Queen became increasingly interested in the labor movement during the 1930s and sought to reconcile its ideals with her religious faith. By 1940, she became determined to act on her lifelong desire to receive a college education and enrolled at Berea College in Kentucky. While a student at Berea, Queen was able to interact with African Americans for the first time in her life and became increasingly drawn to issues of social justice. Following her graduation in 1944, she participated in the first interracial workshop at Fisk University before studying for a year at the Missionary Training School in Louisville, Kentucky. From there, Queen continued her graduate education at Yale Divinity School. In so doing, she disproved her own earlier belief that \"poor people couldn't go to Yale.\" Queen describes her educational experiences at Berea and Yale in great detail, focusing on her academic inspirations and the influence of teachers such as Liston Pope and H. Richard Niebuhr. After finishing her doctoral work in 1948, Queen returned to the South to work as an assistant chaplain at the University of Georgia (1948-1951), for the Friends Service Committee in Greensboro, North Carolina (1951-1956), and as the director of the YWCA-YMCA at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1956-1975). Because of her long tenure working as an advocate of social justice, particularly for the labor movement and the civil rights movement, Queen is able to offer a comprehensive assessment of the changing social landscape of the South during the middle of the twentieth century. In so doing, she offers insight into the leadership abilities of southern women such as Dorothy Tillman and Jessie Daniel Ames, the process of integration at two major southern universities, and the nature of politics in North Carolina.","Title from menu page (viewed on November 2, 2007).","Interview participants: Anne Queen, interviewee; Joseph Herzenberg, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Young Women's Christian associations","Women--North Carolina--Interviews","University of North Carolina (1793-1962)","University of North Carolina (1793-1962)--Students--Political activity","University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Students--Political activity","Young Women's Christian Association (University of North Carolina (1793-1962))","Young Men's Christian Association (University of North Carolina (1793-1962))","YMCA-YWCA (University of North Carolina (1793-1962))","YMCA-YWCA (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)","Campus Y (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)","Champion Paper and Fibre Company","Paper industry--North Carolina","Berea College","Yale University. Divinity School","University of Georgia","Civil rights -- United States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Anne Queen, April 30, 1976"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0049-1/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 203.8 kilobytes, 288 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 288 MB, 02:37:40"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Queen, Anne, 1911-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_b-0027","title":"Oral history interview with Laurie Pritchett, April 23, 1976","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Reston, James, 1941-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["Pritchett, Laurie, 1926-2000"],"dc_date":["1976-04-23"],"dcterms_description":["Laurie Pritchett describes his involvement with the civil rights movement in Albany, Georgia. In this interview, Pritchett attempts to alter his public image as a racist police chief, expressing his profound compassion for blacks. He explains his complicated friendship with Martin Luther King Jr. and discusses his efforts to place blacks on the police force in Albany in the mid-1960s. After he left the Albany force, Pritchett helped African American causes as police chief in High Point, North Carolina. Much of the interview, however, explores Pritchett's use of King's strategy of nonviolence. His innovative application of passive law enforcement allowed Albany to stand as a site where the national civil rights movement failed. In December 1961, Pritchett trained his police officers to resist civil rights demonstrators nonviolently. This training often frustrated King's passive resistance tactics in Albany by preventing the negative publicity brought about by brutal police reaction to marches in other towns in the Deep South. Refusing to use the violent tactics of Alabama law enforcement officials such as Jim Clark in Selma and T. Eugene \"Bull\" Connor in Birmingham, Pritchett discusses how his peaceful strategy effectively eliminated bargaining abilities for King and other civil rights activists. Unlike Pritchett, Clark and Connor frequently helped civil rights activists achieve their goals. Pritchett explains that his problem with the protesters was not their interest in integration, but with their massive public demonstrations. He remarks on the incredible power his role as police chief afforded him. He believes sheriffs should be politically elected, exposing tensions between sheriffs and police chiefs.","Title from menu page (viewed on June 24, 2008).","Interview participants: Laurie Pritchett, interviewee; James Reston, Jr., interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--Georgia--Albany","Police chiefs--Georgia--Albany","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Albany","Law enforcement--Georgia--Albany","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Albany","Segregation--Georgia--Albany","Albany (Ga.)-- Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Laurie Pritchett, April 23, 1976"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0027/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 102 kilobytes, 110 megabytes.","Mode of access: World Wide Web.","System requirements: Web browser with Javascript enabled and multimedia player.","MP3 format / ca. 110 MB, 01:00:35"],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Pritchett, Laurie, 1926-2000"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0331-3","title":"Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, December 18, 1975","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Nelson, Jack, 1929 Oct. 11-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dc_date":["1975-12-18"],"dcterms_description":["This is the third interview in a three-part series with Senator Herman Talmadge of Georgia. In this interview, Talmadge offers his reaction to issues in America during the 1970s. He offers his thoughts on the then recent disclosures regarding J. Edgar Hoover's abuse of power and those of the CIA and the FBI. Other topics include President Gerald Ford's pardoning of Richard Nixon, lessons to be learned from the failures of the Vietnam War, and the issue of race in American politics. The remainder of the interview is devoted to looking back on his and his father's political legacies in Georgia. In particular, he discusses why he considered leaving the Senate to run for governor in 1966, the building of a political coalition from former political rivals and Georgia businessmen, his publication on segregation, You and Segregation, and the lack of personal and professional papers for both him and his father. He concludes the interview with some brief remarks regarding the importance of objectivity in historical analysis.","Title from menu page (viewed on December 20, 2007).","Interview participants: Walter Durham, interviewee; Bob Gilgor, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the Title from menu page (viewed on Sept. 22, 2008).","Interview participants: Herman Talmadge, interviewee; Jack Nelson, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government","Georgia--Race relations","Legislators--United States","Governors--Georgia","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","United States--Politics and government--1945-1989","Legislators--United States--Attitudes"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, December 18, 1975"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0331-3/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 67.4 kilobytes, 70.1 megabytes.","Mode of access: World Wide Web.","MP3 format / ca. 70.1 MB, 00:38:19"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0024","title":"Oral history interview with Willie Snow Ethridge, December 15, 1975","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Kessler, Lee, 1947?-","Ethridge, Mark F. (Mark Foster), 1896-1981","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Ethridge, Willie Snow"],"dc_date":["1975-12-15"],"dcterms_description":["Willie Snow Ethridge was born in Georgia at the turn of the twentieth century. By the early 1920s, she had become a successful writer and had married Mark Ethridge, also a writer and newspaper editor. Ethridge explains that she initially became a writer in order to learn more about the career of her husband-to-be. When he was in Europe during World War I, Ethridge studied journalism at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia. Shortly after graduating, Ethridge began to work as a reporter and continued to do freelance writing after getting married and starting her family in 1921. Ethridge spent most of the 1920s and early 1930s in Georgia, with brief sojourns in New York City and Washington, D.C. By the end of the 1930s, she and her husband had settled in Louisville, Kentucky (they later moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina). During those years, Ethridge began to write books, ranging from informal essays to fiction to travel guides. According to Ethridge, her husband was generally supportive, if not encouraging, of her career over the years. In addition to discussing her efforts to combine career and family, Ethridge also offers revealing commentary about race and gender. During the 1920s and 1930s, Ethridge was actively involved in the anti-lynching movement. Working primarily within the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, Ethridge both wrote and spoke about lynching and its implications for African Americans and poor whites. In addition, Ethridge explains how her mother hoped she would grow up to be a \"good Baptist girl,\" and she discusses what it was like to court young men while coming of age in a strict religious family in the South. Of particular interest are her comments regarding the lack of sexual knowledge she had while growing up. Her discussion of attitudes towards sex leads her to ruminate about the feminist movement and the sexual revolution, both at their height at the time of the interview in 1975. Despite her advocacy of women's right to have both career and family, Ethridge concludes the interview by describing her general disapproval of the growing tendency of men and women to live together and have sex outside of marriage during those years.","Title from menu page (viewed on November 4, 2008).","Interview participants: Willie Snow Ethridge, interviewee; Mark Ethridge, interviewee; Lee Kessler, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching","Women writers--Southern States","Women civil rights workers--Georgia","Women journalists--Georgia","Women authors","Women journalists--Southern States","Women authors--Attitudes","Macon (Ga.)--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Willie Snow Ethridge, December 15, 1975"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0024/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 186.2 kilobytes, 174 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 174 MB, 01:35:15"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ethridge, Willie Snow","Ethridge, Mark F. (Mark Foster), 1896-1981"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0331-2","title":"Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, July 29 and August 1, 1975","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Nelson, Jack, 1929 Oct. 11-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dc_date":["1975-07-29/1975-08-01"],"dcterms_description":["This is the second interview in a three-part series with Senator Herman Talmadge of Georgia. In the first interview, Talmadge focused primarily on his early career in politics and his tenure as governor of Georgia from 1948 to 1955. In this interview, Talmadge shifts his focus to his years in the United States Senate. First elected in 1956, Talmadge had just entered his fourth term at the time the interview was conducted in 1975. Talmadge begins by describing the 1964 schism in the Democratic Party. In explaining his belief that there was room for variation and diversity along the conservative-liberal spectrum in both major political parties, Talmadge contends that he never seriously considered leaving the Democratic Party during those years. In addition, Talmadge offers his assessment of key political figures. He compares the leadership styles and accomplishments of presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford, and he offers his perception of leaders such as George Wallace, Ralph Nader, George McGovern, and Eugene McCarthy. Throughout the interview, Talmadge pays particular attention to issues of civil rights, the environment, consumerism, and the growing relationship between television and politics. In addition, Talmadge offers his views on the role of federal government, the changing social problems facing Americans during the mid-1970s, and his reaction to the Watergate scandal and its impact on politics.","Title from menu page (viewed on August 28, 2008).","Interview participants: Herman Talmadge, interviewee; Jack Nelson, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Democratic Party (Ga.)","Georgia--Politics and government","Press and politics--Georgia","School integration--Georgia","Legislators--United States","Politicians--Georgia","United States--Politics and government--1945-1989","United States. Congress. Senate","Federal government--United States","Legislators--United States--Attitudes","Television and politics"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, July 29 and August 1, 1975"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://webcat.lib.unc.edu/record=b5736372~S1"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 127 kilobytes, 178 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 178 MB, 01:37:30"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0331-1","title":"Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, July 15 and 24, 1975","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Nelson, Jack, 1929 Oct. 11-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dc_date":["1975-07-15/1975-07-24"],"dcterms_description":["This is the first interview in a three-part series with Herman Talmadge, who served as governor of Georgia from 1948 to 1955 before going to the United States Senate from 1957 until 1981. The son of Governor Eugene Talmadge, Herman Talmadge discusses his early career in politics and his perception of southern politics during the mid-twentieth century. Talmadge begins the interview by reflecting on his first awareness of political issues when he helped to campaign for his father during the mid-1920s. In discussing his father's political career (Eugene Talmadge first served as the Commissioner of Agriculture in Georgia before serving as governor from 1933 to 1937 and again from 1941 to 1943), Talmadge places his father within the changing social and political landscape of Georgia. Following his father's unexpected death in December 1946 just after his reelection to the governorship that same year, the younger Talmadge was elected by the legislature to fill his father's seat. His election, however, was highly contested and soon became a notorious scandal dubbed \"the three governors controversy\" (referred to here by Talmadge as the \"two governors row\"). Although he firmly believed that he had been rightfully placed in office by the General Assembly, Talmadge was forced out of office by a Georgia Supreme Court ruling before returning in 1948, after being elected in his own right. In discussing that initial gubernatorial campaign, as well as his subsequent campaigns, Talmadge emphasizes the importance of his father's legacy in his own political career, the growing importance of race in southern politics, his thoughts on his political rivals and colleagues, and his relationship with the press. Talmadge also discusses his decision to run for the United States Senate and his growing prominence in national politics during the 1960s and 1970s.","Title from menu page (viewed on August 28, 2008).","Interview participants: Herman Talmadge, interviewee; Jack Nelson, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government","Georgia--Race relations","Press and politics--Georgia","Governors--Georgia","Legislators--United States","Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Contested elections--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Herman Talmadge, July 15 and 24, 1975"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0331-1/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 135 kilobytes, 199 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 199 MB, 01:48:53"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0319","title":"Oral history interview with James Folsom, December 28, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Waid, Candace","Tullos, Allen, 1950-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Folsom, James Elisha"],"dc_date":["1974-12-28"],"dcterms_description":["James Folsom served as the governor of Alabama for two terms in the 1940s, during which time he worked to change racial politics and improve the plight of black Americans. The interview begins with a review of his personal background and family history, including how his grandfather participated in politics and opposed secession. Folsom explains how he received an education by visiting the courthouse with his father and by working as a merchant seaman. He also worked for the Works Progress Administration during the Depression before campaigning twice for Congress and joining the race for governor in 1942. As governor, he opposed the poll tax, appealed for reapportionment of state funding, and avoided campaign slogans and gimmicks based on racist rhetoric. Instead, he used political folk-style music in campaigning. Folsom voted for Henry Wallace at the Democratic National Convention in 1948 and later supported Harry Truman. He describes how he developed liberal ideas on race and why he believed that race was no longer a viable political issue in the South. Because of his stand on such issues as reapportionment, the state legislature opposed him while he was governor, as did many Alabama newspapers. The interview ends with his reasons for supporting McGovern in the 1972 election and his views on the current political scene.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Duration: 01:48:40"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Alabama--Politics and government","Alabama--Race relations","Governors--Alabama","Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Political campaigns--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations--Political aspects"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with James Folsom, December 28, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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His childhood in Georgia and his travels in Europe led to his work for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation in Atlanta with Will Alexander. His enduring reputation as a radical and rumored Communist began during his tenure with the Phelps-Stokes and Julius Rosenwald Funds. He acted out his growing commitment to integration and political equality while supervising New Deal projects for the Department of the Interior, the state parks, the interdepartmental committee on Negro affairs, and the power division of the Public Works Authority. This interview also addresses his attempts to provide more public housing for African Americans, and his opinion of leadership styles within the Interracial Commission and the Southern Conference for Human Welfare. He explains why the Southern Conference needed to endorse the Henry Wallace 1948 campaign, even though it was unsuccessful. He also compares the contributions of socialists and communists to the Southern Conference at state and national levels. Foreman lost jobs over false reports that he endorsed Communism or was too aggressive in his work. The interview concludes with comments by Clark and Mairi Foreman about his work with Black Mountain College, the Navy, and the National Citizens PAC, especially focusing on how his children developed radical views during those years.","Title from menu page (viewed on March 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Clark Foreman, interviewee; Mairi Foreman, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Bill Finger, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Economic conditions","Georgia--Race relations","Lynching--Georgia--History--20th century","Southern Conference for Human Welfare","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--Attitudes","New Deal, 1933-1939","Black Mountain College (Black Mountain, N.C.)","United States--Officials and employees--Interviews","United States--Officials and employees--Attitudes","Southern States--Economic conditions--20th century","Civil rights--Southern States--20th century","Southern States--Race relations","United States--Politics and government--1933-1945","United States--Social conditions--1933-1945","Commission on Interracial Cooperation","Phelps-Stokes Fund","Julius Rosenwald Fund","Southern Regional Council","National Citizens Political Action Committee"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Clark Foreman, November 16, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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(Henry Agard), 1888-1965"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0026","title":"Oral history interview with Grace Towns Hamilton, July 19, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Hamilton, Grace Towns, 1907-1992"],"dc_date":["1974-07-19"],"dcterms_description":["Grace Towns Hamilton was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1907. She begins with a brief overview of her family history, describing her family's roots in Georgia and Virginia and her possible connection to a woman enslaved by Governor George Towns, the secessionist governor of Georgia from 1847 to 1851. By the time Hamilton was born, her mother and father had settled in Atlanta, where her father taught at Atlanta University. While her father was active at the university and the NAACP, Hamilton's mother focused on community activities, namely the Gate City Kindergarten Association. Hamilton recalls her childhood years with fondness, stressing the racially integrative nature of the Atlanta University community. In fact, it was not until she left Atlanta in 1927 to take a job with the YWCA in Columbus, Ohio, that she first became aware of racial segregation and discrimination. Hamilton had been actively involved with the YWCA during her college years at Atlanta University, and she explains how although the YWCA continued to have racially segregated conventions, the organization was more progressive than others during those years. She accepted the position in Ohio so that she could go to graduate school. Hamilton spent time in Memphis, Tennessee, during the 1930s and early 1940s. By 1943, she returned to Atlanta, where she soon became the director of Atlanta's branch of the Urban League. Hamilton held this position until 1960. She describes her focus on investigating inequalities in segregated education, on advocating for voter registration, and in providing access to housing for African Americans. In addition to discussing her extensive work with the YWCA and the Urban League, Hamilton also addresses her association with such organizations as the Southern Tenant Farmers Union and the Southern Regional Council, as well as her perception of and relationship with other leading activists of the era. Hamilton concludes the interview with a brief discussion of the sit-in movement of 1960 in Atlanta and her election to the Georgia state legislature in 1965.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 17, 2008).","Interview participants: Grace Towns Hamilton, interviewee; Mattie, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern Regional Council","Women civil rights workers","Young Women's Christian associations","Women in politics--Georgia","African American women civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American women legislators--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta Urban League","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Grace Towns Hamilton, July 19, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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(Hugh Penn), 1901-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Alachua County, 29.67476, -82.3577","United States, Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville, 29.65163, -82.32483","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["MacLachlan, Emily S. (Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dc_date":["1974-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Emily MacLachlan grew up in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1910s and 1920s. She begins the interview by briefly discussing her family history, and then turns her focus to her mother. The daughter of a Methodist minister and school teacher, MacLachlan's mother grew up in a household that espoused a liberal social gospel and relatively progressive views on race and social justice. While MacLachlan was a child, her mother focused primarily on raising her children and running her household (with the help at times of a handful of African American servants); however, in the 1930s she began to work more outside of the home as a social activist, primarily with Jessie Daniel Ames and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching. MacLachlan explains how her mother (and other like-minded people of that generation) had a paternalistic approach towards solving problems of racial inequality and that the primary focus was on addressing racial violence and health problems rather than systemic problems. While MacLachlan's mother was advocating for an end to lynching in the South during the 1930s, MacLachlan had relocated to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she earned a master's degree in sociology. MacLachlan's future husband also studied sociology at UNC, and she describes their work and life in Chapel Hill. MacLachlan explains her decision to stop work on her master's degree and to focus on raising her family instead of pursuing a career. She links this challenge to her upbringing and to social expectations of women. Later in life, however, MacLachlan did return to finish her graduate studies in sociology and to pursue a career following the unexpected death of her husband in the late 1950s. MacLachlan describes how she and her husband were drawn to radical politics and issues of social justice during the 1930s, their work with the U.S. Resettlement Administration and the Julius Rosenwald Fund in Georgia, and her brother's legal work for the civil rights movement in the 1960s. She concludes the interview with an addendum to the transcript that reiterates how women such as she and her mother faced unique hardships in balancing work, family, and social activism.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Emily S. MacLachlan, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Hugh Brinton, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Mississippi","University of Florida. 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(Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0029-4","title":"Oral history interview with Guion Griffis Johnson, July 1, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Frederickson, Mary","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Johnson, Guion Griffis, 1900-1989"],"dc_date":["1974-07-01"],"dcterms_description":["Guion Griffis Johnson was a sociologist actively involved in race, poverty, and gender issues. In this interview, the final part of a four-part series, she discusses her work with the Georgia Conference on Social Welfare during the mid-1940s and her involvement in the civil rights movement and the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Johnson went to work as the executive secretary of the Georgia Conference on Social Welfare in Atlanta in 1944 when her husband, Guy B. Johnson, became the first director of the Southern Regional Council. She describes the condition of the Georgia Conference when she assumed control over it, noting the divisions on its board over public welfare versus private welfare. Johnson helped to get the Georgia Conference back on its feet by raising funds and promoting awareness of poverty-related social issues throughout Georgia. She discusses in detail her effort to establish a juvenile court in Albany, the interracial dynamics of the Georgia Conference, and the impact of the Eugene Talmadge political machine on the Conference's efforts. In addition, Johnson explains her thoughts on the merits of gradual change for race relations (advocated by her husband and the Southern Regional Council) and more direct action, which she pursued in establishing a child care center for African Americans in Chapel Hill. During the 1960s, Johnson was active in various women's organizations and was a forerunner in the work of the North Carolina Commission on the Status of Women. She describes her thoughts on the Equal Rights Amendment, her political connections and activities, and her thoughts on the student sit-in movement. Johnson concludes the interview by asserting her belief that it was time for black leadership to take a more dominant role in the civil rights movement by the 1960s.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 21, 2008).","Interview participants: Guion Griffis Johnson, interviewee; Mary Frederickson, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. 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