{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"nge_ngen_national-association-for-the-advancement-of-colored-people-naacp","title":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Rolinson, Mary G."],"dc_date":["2004-03-30"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) which has had an unbroken presence in Georgia since 1917. The NAACP State Conference maintains a network of branches throughout Georgia, from cities to small rural counties. The state branches have been the most effective and consistent advocates for African American civil rights in twentieth-century Georgia. Since the late 1950s Atlanta has hosted the Southeast regional headquarters of this national civil rights organization. Youth branches of the NAACP in Georgia have nurtured many future leaders of various major civil rights organizations, and the state has provided many native sons and daughters to the national leadership over the NAACP's long history.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Civil rights movements--United States","United States--Race relations--History","Racism--United States--History","African Americans--Politics and government","African Americans--Civil rights--History"],"dcterms_title":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/national-association-for-the-advancement-of-colored-people-naacp/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_charlayne-hunter-gault-b-1942","title":"Charlayne Hunter-Gault (b. 1942)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["Nash, Amanda"],"dc_date":["2004-03-29"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Charlayne Hunter-Gault who was one of the first two African American students admitted to the University of Georgia. She is also known for her career as a journalist on television and in print. Before attending the University of Georgia, Hunter-Gault attended Turner High School in Atlanta and Wayne State University in Detriot, Michigan.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["College integration--Georgia--Athens","African American women journalists","University of Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Charlayne Hunter-Gault (b. 1942)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/people/charlayne-hunter-gault-b-1942/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"Charlayne Hunter-Gault (b. 1942),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Hunter-Gault, Charlayne"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_slater-king-1927-1969","title":"Slater King (1927-1969)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["Lawson, Mary Sterner"],"dc_date":["2004-01-23"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Slater King, civil rights activist and real estate broker who focused his entrepreneurial skills on plans to help African Americans in Albany and Dougherty County achieve economic independence. King attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. He worked for the Aetna Insurance Company and was influential in the development of the Albany Movement, a coalition of local African American organizations that united to protest injustice and segregation in the black community.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Albany","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Albany","African American businesspeople--Georgia--Albany"],"dcterms_title":["Slater King (1927-1969)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slater-king-1927-1969/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"Slater King (1927-1969),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Slater, 1927-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_w-w-law-1923-2002","title":"W. W. Law (1923-2002)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Elmore, Charles J."],"dc_date":["2004-01-23"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about W. W. Law, crusader for justice and the civil rights of African Americans. He served as president of the Savannah National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter from 1950 to 1976 and came to be widely known as \"Mr. Civil Rights.\" He was involved in the NAACP Youth Council while in high school and attended Georgia State College before and after being drafted into the army to serve in World War II. Law spent many years as scoutmaster of Troop 49, First Bryan Baptist Church, where he also taught Sunday school. He worked for the U.S. Postal Service as a mail carrier for more than forty years before retiring in the 1990.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American political activists--Georgia--Savannah","Postal service--Employees","Letter carriers--Georgia--Savannah","Segregation--Georgia--Savannah","Race discrimination--Georgia--Savannah","Savannah (Ga.)--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Savannah","Georgia--History--20th century","Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Savannah"],"dcterms_title":["W. W. Law (1923-2002)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/w-w-law-1923-2002/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"W. W. Law (1923-2002),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Law, W. W. (Westley Wallace), 1923-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-8454","title":"Alice Walker","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, California, 37.25022, -119.75126","United States, Georgia, Putnam County, Eatonton, 33.3268, -83.3885"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2004"],"dcterms_description":["Alice Walker is an African American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983.","Photograph of author Alice Walker. She rests her chin on her left hand. She wears a black shirt and eyeglasses. She wears an oval ring on her left hand.","Walker is an African American novelist, short-story writer, poet, essayist, and activist. Her most famous novel, The Color Purple, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award in 1983."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/alice-walker-b-1944","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/alice-walker-b-1944","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["African American novelists--California","African American women poets--California","Women--California","African American women--California","Rings--California","Authors, American--California","Novelists, American--California","Women novelists, American--California","Poets, American--California","Women poets, American--California","Walker, Alice, 1944-"],"dcterms_title":["Alice Walker"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/alice-walker-b-1944/m-8454/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution."],"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_c-b-king-1923-1988","title":"C. B. King (1923-1988)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["Lawson, Mary Sterner"],"dc_date":["2003-12-09"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about C. B. King, a prominent African American lawyer during the civil rights struggle in southwest Georgia. King attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee and the law school at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. King practiced law for many years in his hometown of Albany, Georgia.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American political activists--Georgia","Race discrimination--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations","Civil rights movements--Georgia","Georgia--History--20th century","Civil rights--Georgia","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African American lawyers--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["C. B. King (1923-1988)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/c-b-king-1923-1988/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"C. B. King (1923-1988),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["King, C. B. (Chevene Bowers), 1923-1988"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_albany-movement","title":"Albany Movement","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["Formwalt, Lee W."],"dc_date":["2003-12-02"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the civil rights organization based in Albany, Georgia. According to traditional accounts the Albany Movement began in fall 1961 and ended in summer 1962. It was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community, and it resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy came to Albany with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and were some of the demonstrators arrested. When told as a chapter in the history of the national civil rights movement, Albany was important because of King's involvement and because of the lessons he learned that he would soon apply in Birmingham, Alabama. It may also be viewed as a local movement with deep roots which creates a very different picture of the freedom struggle in the southwest corner of the state.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--Georgia--Albany","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Albany","African Americans--Politics and government","Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Albany Movement"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/albany-movement/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"Albany Movement,\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_the-black-church-in-atlanta-politics","title":"The Black Church in Atlanta Politics","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Newman, Harvey K."],"dc_date":["2003-10-20"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the influence of Georgia's African American churches which have had a long history of political involvement, including a crucial role in the civil rights movement and, more recently, an influence on the decisions made by elected public officials in the city of Atlanta. Throughout the era of racial segregation ministers and educators often served as the leaders of the African American community in towns and cities across the South. The black church was responsible for providing these leaders because many of the colleges and universities serving African Americans were sponsored by churches.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Atlanta (Ga.)--Politics and government--20th century","Christianity and politics--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","Religion and politics--Georgia--Atlanta","Voter registration--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["The Black Church in Atlanta Politics"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/the-black-church-in-atlanta-politics/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"The Role of the Black Church in Atlanta Politics,\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_clarence-a-bacote-1906-1981","title":"Clarence A. Bacote (1906-1981)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Williams, Louis"],"dc_date":["2003-05-14"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Clarence A. Bacote, historian, scholar, and political activist who dedicated his life to educating black voters in Atlanta. He studied extensively the barriers to black political participation in the state and became an authority on Georgia political history. As a political activist he was responsible for helping to register thousands of African American voters in the mid-1940s and for organizing them into a political force in the city. He studied at the University of Kansas and the University of Chicago. After joining the faculty at Atlanta University Bacote was also involved with the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Atlanta All-Citizens Registration Committee (ACRC), the Atlanta Negro Voters League, and the Fulton County Democratic Club.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American political activists--Georgia--Atlanta","African American educators--Georgia--Atlanta","African American historians--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["Clarence A. Bacote (1906-1981)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/clarence-a-bacote-1906-1981/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"Clarence A. Bacote (1906-1981),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Bacote, Clarence A., 1906-1981"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_julian-bond-1940-2015","title":"Julian Bond (b. 1940)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Roady, Jennifer"],"dc_date":["2003-05-14"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Julian Bond who has been a protester, politician, scholar, and lecturer and committed to civil rights, economic justice, and peace since the 1950s. Bond played a significant role in the civil rights movement and continued his battle to ensure equality for all Americans during his twenty-year tenure in the Georgia legislature. Bond attended Morehouse College in Atlanta where he helped organize the student organization the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights and later the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Bond was elected to the Georgia Legislature in 1965 but his outspoken objection to the Vietnam War (1964-1973) prompted the legislature to deny Bond his seat, a decision eventually overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia","African American civic leaders--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","African Americans--Politics and government","Legislators--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Julian Bond (b. 1940)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/julian-bond-1940-2015/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"Julian Bond (b. 1940),\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_w-e-b-du-bois-in-georgia","title":"W. E. B. Du Bois in Georgia","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Alridge, Derrick P."],"dc_date":["2003-05-14"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about W. E. B. Du Bois in Georgia. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) was an African American educator, historian, sociologist, and social activist who poignantly addressed the issues of racial discrimination, black social problems, and world peace during the first half of the twentieth century. During two extended stints in Atlanta, 1897-1910 and 1934-44, Du Bois contributed immensely to the black intellectual and activist community and produced a number of studies that explored the social, economic, and political conditions of African Americans in Georgia and across the United States.","GSE identifier: SS8H7"],"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Atlanta University","African Americans--Social conditions","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia","United States--Race relations","Race discrimination--Georgia","African Americans--Economic conditions","African Americans--Education--Georgia","Social work education--Georgia","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African American educators--Georgia","African American historians--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["W. 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(William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_horace-t-ward-1927-2016","title":"Horace T. Ward (b. 1927)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Pratt, Robert A."],"dc_date":["2003-05-09"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Horace T. Ward, the first African American to challenge the racially discriminatory practices at the University of Georgia (UGA). Although Ward's application was rejected his challenge to the university's policies began a legal process that would bear fruit in 1961. He was valedictorian of East Depot Street High School and later attended Morehouse College and Atlanta University before applying to the University of Georgia's law school. Ward received a suspiciously timed draft notice and served two years in the U.S. Army, including a year in Korea. Ward enrolled in law school at Northwestern University's law school which was eventually used as grounds to deny Ward's application to UGA. After graduating from Northwestern, Ward returned to Georgia as part of the legal team that helped Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes win admittance to UGA. In 1979 U.S. president Jimmy Carter appointed him to a federal judgeship, making Ward the first African American to ever sit on the federal bench in Georgia.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American lawyers--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia","Judges--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Horace T. 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