{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"nge_ngen_rosa-lee-ingram-case","title":"Rosa Lee Ingram Case","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2018-07-18"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the Rosa Lee Ingram murder case. Ingram was an African American woman whose 1948 murder conviction, along with the conviction of two of her adolescent sons, raised considerable doubt about the integrity of Georgia's judicial system. Civil rights organizations launched an ambitious campaign to free the Ingrams in the years that followed. As a result of these efforts, Ingram and her sons were paroled in 1959.","GSE identifier: SS8H10"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Crime and race--Georgia","Criminal justice, Administration of--Georgia","Discrimination in criminal justice administration--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Rosa Lee Ingram Case"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/rosa-lee-ingram-case/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Ingram, Rosa Lee--Trials, litigation, etc."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-3140","title":"Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Geoff Johnson"],"dc_date":["2016-12-15"],"dcterms_description":["Through various kinds of displays, the museum chronicles the civil rights struggle of Georgia's oldest African American community.","Photograph of the interior of the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum in Savannah, Georgia. This multi-level museum features several lighted exhibits next to the entrance. Photographs line the wall above the entrance. The museum is named for Ralph Mark Gilbert, a Savannah leader of the civil rights movement. Gilbert served as president of the Savannah NAACP for eight years."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia","Photograph by Geoff L. Johnson"],"dcterms_subject":["Museums--Georgia--Savannah","Museum exhibits--Georgia--Savannah","Museum visitors--Georgia--Savannah","Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","Photographs","Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum (Savannah, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum/m-3140/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development. Please do not use any images without permission","Explore Georgia"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Gilbert, Ralph Mark, -1956"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-3141","title":"Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["Geoff Johnson"],"dc_date":["2016-12-15"],"dcterms_description":["The museum is named for Ralph Mark Gilbert, a Savannah leader of the civil rights movement. Gilbert served as president of the Savannah NAACP for eight years.","Photograph of the exterior of the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum in Savannah, Georgia. This multi-story yellow brick building sits on a corner. A large black-and-white sign advertising the museum hangs from the front."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia","Photograph by Geoff L. Johnson"],"dcterms_subject":["Museums--Georgia--Savannah","Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","Photographs","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Savannah","Buildings--Georgia--Savannah","Museum buildings--Georgia--Savannah","Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum (Savannah, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-mark-gilbert-civil-rights-museum/m-3141/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development. Please do not use any images without permission","Explore Georgia"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Gilbert, Ralph Mark, -1956"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_disability-rights-movement","title":"Disability Rights Movement","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2016-11-21"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the disability rights movement in Georgia, a civil and human rights movement that seeks to secure equal access and opportunities for people with disabilities. In addition to being the home of several landmark cases, Georgia has also participated in national disability rights campaigns and hosted such internationally significant events as the 1996 Paralympic Games.","GSE identifier: SS2H1"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["People with disabilities--Civil rights--Georgia","People with disabilities--Legal status, laws, etc.--Georgia","Discrimination against people with disabilities--Law and legislation"],"dcterms_title":["Disability Rights Movement"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/disability-rights-movement/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-8536","title":"Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["Ralph Daniel"],"dc_date":["2016-10-27"],"dcterms_description":["The Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum opened in the Old Mt. Zion Baptist Church in Albany in 1998. The first mass meeting of the Albany Movement was held at the church in 1961, and in the 1990s the church building was converted into the museum. Known today as the Albany Civil Rights Institute, the museum moved to a new facility next to the church in 2008.","Photograph of the Freedom Singers in front of the Old Mt. Zion Baptist Church, the location of the Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum in Albany, Georgia. It is a brick church with two low spires rising from the front. The former church was renovated in the 1990s, and the museum opened in 1998. The first mass meeting of the Albany Movement was held at the church in 1961.","The Albany Movement was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to have as its goal the desegregation of an entire community, and it resulted in the jailing of more than 1,000 African Americans in Albany and surrounding rural counties."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/albany-civil-rights-institute","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/albany-civil-rights-institute","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia","Photograph by Ralph Daniel"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Georgia--Albany","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Albany","Church buildings--Georgia--Albany","Museums--Georgia--Albany","Spires","Museum buildings--Georgia--Albany","Buildings--Georgia--Albany","Mt. Zion Baptist Church (Albany, Ga.)","Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.)","Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum (Albany, Ga.)","Albany (Ga.)--Buildings, structures, etc."],"dcterms_title":["Albany Civil Rights Movement Museum"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/albany-civil-rights-institute/m-8536/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development. Please do not use any images without permission","Explore Georgia"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_the-mallard-murder-case","title":"The Mallard Murder Case","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Toombs County, Lyons, 32.20435, -82.32179"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2014-09-10"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the murder of Robert Mallard and the arrest of his wife. On November 20, 1948, a mob of twenty armed white men shot and killed African American Robert Mallard in front of his family in Lyons, the seat of Toombs County. The killing initially garnered little attention, but due in part to the outspokenness of Mallard's wife, the case soon became national news, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) entered the case. Despite no evidence linking her to the crime, Amy Mallard was arrested by local officials for her husband's murder. Eventually, two men—William Howell and Roderick Clifton—were indicted for the murder, but Howell was acquitted, and the charge against Clifton was dropped. After the acquittal, Amy Mallard toured the country on behalf of the NAACP, exposing the terror of mob violence in Georgia. The Mallard case revealed much about the practices of local and federal law-enforcement institutions, civil rights organizations, and the pre–civil rights era.","GSE identifier: SS8H10"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Crimes against--Georgia--Lyons","Lynching--Georgia--Lyons","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Civil right movements--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["The Mallard Murder Case"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/the-mallard-murder-case/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Mallard, Robert, -1948--Assassination","Mallard, Amy"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_jesse-o-thomas-1885-1972","title":"Jesse O. Thomas (1885-1972)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2013-09-27"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Jesse O. Thomas, a protégé of African American educator Booker T. Washington. He established in 1919 the Atlanta chapter of the National Urban League, a civil rights organization. During the early twentieth century, he was a pioneer in the upper echelons of national organizations, including some that had been exclusively white until his arrival.","GSE identifier: SS8H8"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century--Biography","Atlanta Urban League","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Jesse O. Thomas (1885-1972)"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/jesse-o-thomas-1885-1972/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Thomas, Jesse O., 1885-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-9696","title":"King's Crypt","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Wally Gobetz"],"dc_date":["2013-05-06"],"dcterms_description":["In 1970, during the dedication ceremony for the King Center complex in Atlanta, the remains of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. were relocated to a crypt at the center. The reflecting pool surrounding the crypt was completed in 1977. King's wife, Coretta Scott King, was interred beside him in 2006.","Photograph of the crypt containing the body of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King. In 1970, during the dedication ceremony for the King Center complex in Atlanta, the remains of the civil rights leader were relocated to a crypt at the center. The reflecting pool surrounding the crypt was completed in 1977. King's wife, Coretta Scott King, was interred beside him in 2006."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/king-center","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/king-center","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Crypts--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorials--Georgia--Atlanta","Water in landscape architecture--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Women civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American women civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change"],"dcterms_title":["King's Crypt"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/9004031590/in/photolist-eHE2hy-eHxYPZ-eHE1TY-7AyYgd-7AyY9f-8VeeF"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/king-center/m-9696/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Georgia Department of Economic Development. Please do not use any images without permission","Image from Wally Gobetz"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Tomb","King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-7774","title":"Martin Luther King Jr. Birthplace","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Wally Gobetz"],"dc_date":["2013-05-06"],"dcterms_description":["The birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. in Atlanta is one of the many historic properties that J. W. Robinson has worked to restore.","Photograph of the birthplace of Martin Luther King Jr. in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in an upstairs room of this two-story Queen Anne-style house on January 15, 1929. He lived here, at 501 Auburn Avenue, until 1941."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/j-w-robinson-1927-2008","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/j-w-robinson-1927-2008","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Historic buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Queen Anne revival (Architecture)--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Dwellings--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta (Ga.)--Buildings, structures, etc.","Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Martin Luther King Jr. Birthplace"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/9013658672/in/photolist-2j5c8Tt-bfYFNH-eJvmG9-3avQzp-8yJ37Y-8yJ68W-8yEYiB-fTRP7-eNY5DG-eJvmvU-eJzD76-eJzDip-ErSPbp-eJzDxa-8yFRU4-2fNeEr-U1iYyo-24BSg6L-asZWcU-DZKJkh-4gEbPX-vihoqz"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/people/j-w-robinson-1927-2008/m-7774/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of J. W. Robinson and Associates, Inc","Image from Wally Gobetz"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Birthplace"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_preston-king-001","title":"Preston King","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":["Photograph from C-SPAN"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2012"],"dcterms_description":["Preston King, pictured in 2012, is a member of a family known for its activism during the Albany Movement. King was convicted of draft evasion in 1961, after he refused to comply with orders from the Albany draft board addressing him as \"Preston,\" rather than \"Mr. King.\" King jumped bail following his trial and lived abroad until 2000, when he received a pardon and returned to Georgia. A prominent academic, today King lives in Atlanta.","Photograph of Preston King. King, an accomplished lecturer and professor of philosophy, lived abroad in exile for nearly forty years. A member of an Albany, Georgia family well known for civil rights activism, King was convicted of draft evasion in 1961. Believing he had been unfairly treated, he left the country to pursue a career in higher education. 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