{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"nge_ngen_m-10863","title":"Baldowski Cartoon: UGA Desegregation","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["This cartoon by Clifford \"Baldy\" Baldowski depicts Frankenstein wearing a University of Georgia shirt labeled \"Mob Violence.\" Published in 1961 in the Atlanta Constitution, the drawing refers to the riots that took place on campus in response to the desegregation of the university.","Image of a 1961 cartoon by Clifford \"Baldy\" Baldowski in which he comments on the riots at the University of Georgia, which occurred in response to the admission of two black students, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes. The cartoon depicts Frankenstein wearing a University of Georgia shirt labeled \"Mob Violence.\" This cartoon, which is entitled \"Big Man on the Campus,\" was originally published in the Atlanta Constitution."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Clifford Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia, Athens"],"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-higher-education","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-higher-education","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia","Clifford Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection"],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in higher education--Georgia--Athens","University of Georgia","College students--Georgia--Athens","Women college students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","African American women college students--Georgia--Athens","Editorial cartoons--Georgia--Atlanta","Caricatures and cartoons--Georgia--Atlanta","Riots--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Frankenstein (Fictitious character)"],"dcterms_title":["Baldowski Cartoon: UGA Desegregation"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-of-higher-education/m-10863/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Courtesy of Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia, Athens","Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-11051","title":"Claude Sitton","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Journalist Claude Sitton (right) covers the desegregation of the University of Georgia in 1961 as the southern correspondent for the New York Times.","Photograph of journalist Claude Sitton Claude Sitton (right) covering the desegregation of the University of Georgia in 1961 as the southern correspondent for the New York Times. An unidentified man stands on the left.","A 1949 graduate of Emory, Sitton is best known for his civil rights reporting in the New York Times and for his editorship of the News and Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/claude-sitton-b-1925","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/claude-sitton-b-1925","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Journalists--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","Newspaper editors--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in higher education--Georgia--Athens","University of Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Claude Sitton"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/claude-sitton-1925-2015/m-11051/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Sitton, Claude"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-1325","title":"Frances Pauley","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Frances Pauley attends a banquet of the Atlanta branch of the Urban League (AUL) in 1961. Pauley served on the board of the AUL and was president of the Georgia League of Women Voters during the 1950s.","Photograph of Frances Pauley at a banquet of the Atlanta, Georgia branch of the Urban League (AUL) in 1961. She reaches out to accept an object from an unidentified man. Another man and two women stand nearby and look on. A banner reading \"Urban League\" hangs above them. Pauley was a member of the Georgia League of Women Voters and was on the board of the AUL. A social activist and political organizer, she devoted her life to the battle against prejudice and discrimination in the South."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/frances-pauley-1905-2003","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/frances-pauley-1905-2003","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Social reformers--Georgia--Atlanta","Women social reformers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Women civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Feminists--Georgia--Atlanta","Women--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Southern States","Political consultants--Georgia--Atlanta","Women political consultants--Georgia--Atlanta","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American women civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American women--Georgia--Atlanta","Banners--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta Urban League"],"dcterms_title":["Frances Pauley"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/league-of-women-voters-of-georgia/m-1325/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University","Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Pauley, Frances Freeborn, 1905-2003"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-10861","title":"Freedom Rides Map","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["AP Newsfeatures (Firm)"],"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["This map shows the routes of numerous Freedom Rides that took place throughout the South from April through December 1961. The rides were intended to test compliance with federal court rulings barring segregation in interstate travel. Freedom Rides were a successful tool in advancing the cause of civil rights.","Image of a map showing the routes of numerous Freedom Rides that took place throughout the South from April through December 1961. The map also highlights the numbers of arrests at certain locations throughout the South. The rides were intended to test compliance with federal court rulings barring segregation in interstate travel. Freedom Rides were a successful tool in advancing the cause of civil rights."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/freedom-rides","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/freedom-rides","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Maps","Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Civil rights demonstrations--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Freedom Rides, 1961"],"dcterms_title":["Freedom Rides Map"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/freedom-rides/m-10861/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Map by Associated Press Newsfeatures"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["maps (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-10875","title":"Georgia Tech Students","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Students Ford Greene, Lawrence Michael Williams, and Ralph Long Jr. (left to right) integrated the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1961. Georgia Tech was the first institution of higher education in the South to integrate peacefully and without a court order.","Photograph of Ford Greene, Lawrence Michael Williams, and Ralph Long Jr. (left to right) standing in a road. These students integrated the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia in 1961. Georgia Tech was the first institution of higher education in the South to integrate peacefully and without a court order."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-higher-education","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-higher-education","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["College students--Georgia--Atlanta","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia Institute of Technology","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","College integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Universities and colleges--Georgia--Atlanta","Roads--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Georgia Tech Students"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-of-higher-education/m-10875/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted by permission of the Georgia Institute of Technology Library and Information Center, Archives and Records Management Department","Georgia Institute of Technology Library and Information Center"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Greene, Ford","Williams, Lawrence","Long, Ralph"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-8736","title":"Hamilton Holmes","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["In 1961 Hamilton Holmes (center) became one of the first African American students to gain admission to the University of Georgia after a two-year legal battle, led in part by Donald Hollowell (left). Holmes's father, Alfred \"Tup\" Holmes (right), was an Atlanta businessman.","This photograph shows Hamilton Holmes (center), Donald Hollowell (left), and Alfred \"Tup\" Holmes (right), Holmes' father. The three of them stand in a doorway. Hollowell holds a hat and a cigar in his right hand.","In 1961 Hamilton Holmes became one of the first African American students to gain admission to the University of Georgia after a two-year legal battle, led in part by Hollowell. Hamilton Holmes's father, Tup, was an Atlanta businessman."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/hamilton-holmes-1941-1995","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/hamilton-holmes-1941-1995","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Lawyers--Georgia","African American lawyers--Georgia","Men--Georgia","African American men--Georgia","College students--Georgia","African American college students--Georgia","Businessmen--Georgia","Businesspeople--Georgia","African American businesspeople--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia","Hats--Georgia","University of Georgia","Cigars--Georgia","College integration--Georgia--Athens"],"dcterms_title":["Hamilton Holmes"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/hamilton-holmes-1941-1995/m-8736/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Hollowell, Donald L., 1917-2004","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-","Holmes, Alfred"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-10074","title":"Integration of Atlanta Schools","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Reporters gather at Atlanta's city hall on August 30, 1961, the day that the city's schools were officially integrated. The recommendations of the Sibley Commission to the state legislature in 1960 contributed to the desegregation of schools across Georgia.","Photograph of members of the press gathered at the Atlanta, Georgia city hall on August 30, 1961, the day that the city's schools were officially integrated. Approximately twenty members of the press stand around a podium behind which five men in dark suits stand. Two American flags stand behind them. A table in the center of the room holds a typewriter."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["City of Atlanta; City School Integration; Press conference at City Hall, Box LBCB25, Envelope 43, Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, 1920-1976, Special Collections Department \u0026 Archives, Georgia State University, Atlanta."],"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ministers-manifesto","http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/sibley-commission","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ministers-manifesto","http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/sibley-commission","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia","Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection"],"dcterms_subject":["Men--Georgia--Atlanta","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Journalists--Georgia--Atlanta","Flags--United States","Photographers--Georgia--Atlanta","Municipal buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","City halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Typewriters--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Law and legislation--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Integration of Atlanta Schools"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/education/sibley-commission/m-10074/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Special Collections Department \u0026 Archives, Georgia State University, Atlanta","Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Georgia State University Library"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-3543","title":"John Lewis","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Davidson County, Nashville, 36.16589, -86.78444"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["John Lewis got his first taste of politics as president of the student body at American Baptist Theological Seminary in 1961.","Photograph of a young John Lewis standing at a podium giving a speech. Lewis got his first taste of politics as president of the student body at American Baptist Theological Seminary in 1961. Lewis was elected chair of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1963 and served until 1966. He has represented Georgia in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1987."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-lewis-b-1940","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-lewis-b-1940","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","College students--Tennessee--Nashville","African American college students--Tennessee--Nashville","Men--Tennessee--Nashville","African American men--Tennessee--Nashville","Student government--Tennessee--Nashville","American Baptist Theological Seminary"],"dcterms_title":["John Lewis"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-lewis-1940-2020/m-3543/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of The Lamp, American Baptist Theological Seminary"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Lewis, John, 1940-2020"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-8266","title":"Mary Frances Early","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961/1962"],"dcterms_description":["Mary Frances Early, the first African American to graduate from the University of Georgia, sits in her Center Myers dorm room, which also housed Charlayne Hunter-Gault, the first African American woman to be admitted to the university. A riot erupted outside of this room two days after Hunter arrived on campus in 1961."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mary-frances-early-b-1936","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mary-frances-early-b-1936","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["African American women--Georgia--Athens","Musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Women musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Women--Georgia--Athens","African American women musicians--Georgia--Athens","African American musicians--Georgia--Athens","University of Georgia--Students","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Athens","Civil rights--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Georgia--Athens","College students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","Women college students--Georgia--Athens","African American women college students--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Furniture, equipment, etc."],"dcterms_title":["Mary Frances Early"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/mary-frances-early-b-1936/m-8266/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of Mary Frances Early"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["color photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Early, Mary Frances"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-3082","title":"Ralph David Abernathy and Martin Luther King Jr.","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Ralph David Abernathy (right) and Martin Luther King Jr. were central organizers of the Montgomery bus boycott, which demanded that Black passengers be treated fairly on public transportation.","Photograph of civil rights leaders Ralph Abernathy (right) and Martin Luther King Jr. (left) participating in one of the Freedom Rides, which were intended to test the desegregation of public bus transportation. To test compliance with recent court rulings barring segregation in interstate travel, the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) sponsored a series of integrated bus rides throughout the South in the spring and summer of 1961. Known thereafter as the Freedom Rides, the protests galvanized national support for civil rights reforms and compelled federal engagement in the African American freedom struggle. Although they met with violent resistance elsewhere in the region, Freedom Riders traveled unmolested through Georgia and were served courteously at multiple lunch counters throughout the state."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/freedom-rides","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/freedom-rides","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","Women civil rights workers--Georgia","African American women civil rights workers--Georgia","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia","Civil rights--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","Buses--Georgia","Freedom Rides, 1961"],"dcterms_title":["Ralph David Abernathy and Martin Luther King Jr."],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ralph-david-abernathy-1926-1990/m-3082/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Courtesy of David Fankhauser"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-2402","title":"Slater King and Irene Asbury Wright","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961/1962"],"dcterms_description":["Slater King and Irene Asbury Wright lead a group of protestors in Albany. 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