{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"aru_unequal_677","title":"Acts of Arkansas 1891","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Act 17 of 1891provided for segregated railroad accomodations.","Civil Rights -- Segregation -- Racism -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Railroads -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","ACTS OF ARKANSAS 15 in ten days thereafter, to execute the said contract and give the bond hereinafter referred to. SEC. 4. That when said contract shall be awarded to any bidder, the latter shall be required to give a good and suffi- cient bond, to be approved by said commissioners, in a sum equal to twenty-five percent, of the full amount of the bid, conditioned for the faithful performance of said contract within the time limited therefor. SEC. 5. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage, and shall not conflict with die operation ot the laws relating to bridges and embraced in chapter 16 ol Mans- fields Digest. Approved February 19, 1891. __________________ ACT XVII. AN ACT to Promote the Comfort of Passengers on Railway Trains and for other purposes SECTION 1. Requires railroads to provide separate coachs and waiting rooms for the white and African races. No persons to occupy seats other than the ones provided. 2. Officers and agents to assign coaches or rooms and enforce same; Penalty. 3. Railway companies or employees violating guilty of misde,eamer; Penalty. Law to be posted in coaches and waiting rooms. 4. Persons with visible admixtar of African blood to be deemed Africans 5. Prevents the use of obscene, profane or boisterous language in a car or waiting room 6. Railroads to provide wholesome drinking water. 7. Conflicting laws repealed and are in force six months after passage Be it enacted by the General Assemldy of the State of Arkansas: SECTION 1 That all railway companies carrying passen- gers in their coaches in this State shall provide equal but sepa- rate and sufficient accommodations for the white and African races, bv providing two or more passenger coaches tor each passenger train. Provided, That on all lines of railway less than twenty-five miles long, passenger coaches may be divided by 1 partition so as to secure separate accommo- dations, and they shall also provide separate waiting-rooms of equal and sufficient accommodations for the two races"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/677"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["legislative acts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_679","title":"Acts of Arkansas 1891","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Act 17 of 1891provided for segregated railroad accomodations.","Civil Rights -- Segregation -- Racism -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Railroads -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","aCTS OF ARKANSAS 17 having charge of the same, nr any agent at such depot who shall refuse or neglect to carry out the provisions of this act, shall, on conviction, be fined not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense. All railroad cor- porations carrying passengers in this State, other than street railroads, shall keep this law posted up in a Conspicuous place in each passenger coach and waiting-room Provided, That officers accompanying prisoners may be assigned to the coach or room to which said prisoners belong by reason of race. SEC. 4. Persons in whom there is a visible and distinct ad- mixture of African blood shall, for the purposes of this act, be deemed to belong to the African race, all others shall be deemed to belong to the while race. SEC. 5. It shall be unlawful for any passenger, or any rail road official or employee to use any obscene, profane or boister- ous language in any railroad waiting-room or cat in which pas- sengers are transported, and any person violating the provis- ions of this section shall be guilt}’ of a misdemeanor, and, upon, conviction, be fined not less than five nor more than twenty- five dollars; and it shall be the duty of conductors and station agents to eject any person violating the provisions of this sec- tion from the car or waiting-room. SEC. 6. That all railroads shall provide good and whole- some water for drinking purposes at all of their stations or waiting-rooms and in all their passenger cars for the use of the traveling public. SEC. 7. That all laws or parts of laws conflicting with the provisions of this act be and the same are hereby repealed, and that this act shall take effect and be in full force six months after its passage. Approved February 23, 1891 2 A"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/679"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["legislative acts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_678","title":"Acts of Arkansas 1891","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Act 17 of 1891provided for segregated railroad accomodations.","Civil Rights -- Segregation -- Racism -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Railroads -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","16 ACTS OF ARKANSAS. at all their passenger depots in this State. Provided, That this section shall not be construed to apply to street railroads. No person or persons shall be permitted to occupy seats in coaches or in waiting-rooms other than the ones assigned to them on account of the race to which they belong. Sec. 2. That the officers of such passenger trains and the agents at such depots shall have power and are hereby required to assign each passenger or person to the coach or compart- ment or room used for the race to which such passenger or person belongs. Any passenger or person insisting on going into a coach or compartment or room to which by race he does not belong, shall be liable to a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than two hundred dollars, and any officer of any rail- road company assigning a passenger or person to a coach or compartment or room other than the one set aside for the race to which said passenger or person belongs, shall be liable to a fine of twenty-five dollars; and should any passenger refuse to occupy the coach or compartment or room to which he or she is assigned by the officer of such railway company, said officer shall have power to refuse to carry such passenger on his train, and that should any passenger, or any other person not a pas- senger, for the purpose of occupying or waiting in such sitting or waiting-room not assigned to his or her race, enter said room, said agent shall have the power and it is hereby made his duty to eject such person from such room, and for such acts neither they -or the railway com,'.my which they represent shall be liable fr damages in ar.y of the courts of'this State. Sec. 3. That all railway companies that shall refuse or neglect to comply with the provisions and requirements of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, ar.d shall, upon conviction before any court of competent jurisdiction, be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more three five hundred dollars, and every day that such railway company shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act, and every train run in violation of the provisions hereof, shall be a separate offense and any conductor or other employees of such passenger train"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/678"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["legislative acts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_676","title":"Acts of Arkansas 1891","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Act 17 of 1891provided for segregated railroad accomodations.","Civil Rights -- Segregation -- Racism -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Railroads -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS, Passed at the Session, Held at the Capitol, in the City of Lttle Rock, Arkansas, which began on Monday, January 12th, and adjourned on Saturday, April 4th, 1891. BY AUTHORITY MORRILTON, ARK. PILOT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS 1891."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Acts of Arkansas 1891"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/680"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["legislative acts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_335","title":"Montage of Black Arkansas Legislators in 1891","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["The Freeman"],"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["Photo montage, published in Indianapolis, Indiana-based newspaper The Freeman, highlighting the eleven African-Americans serving in the 1891 Arkansas Legislature.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Politics and Government -- Jefferson County -- Pulaski County -- Chicot County -- Monroe County -- Phillips County -- Jefferson County -- Crittenden County -- Indianapolis"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The Freeman, April 4, 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Montage of Black Arkansas Legislators in 1891"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/335"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Lucas, J.G.","Bell, George W.","Adair, B.F.","Weddington, R.C.","Love, G.W.","Donohoo, J.N.","Woolfolk, S.L.","Carr, James Hattersley, 1836-1890","Watson, G.W.","Dawson, S.W.","Johnson, H.A."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1677","title":"Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["In 1891, the small town of Searcy in White County, outlawed African-Americans from drinking from the same city spring as its white citizens.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Searcy -- Segregation -- Searcy -- White County","give a correct census of the Negro population for general political reason. Castle Garden and determined white predominance, tell the tale of decrease in the per cent, of the Negro population. I do no say, however, that there is no cause for alarm, for in our cities the per cent of the death rate among us is much greater. This is owing to the unaccountable passion of our men, and especially the young ones, for low pursuits, such as gambling, frolicking, drinking, and dissipating generally. They are fast vitiating the Negro blood. This I know is largely true of white men, but they have their women to fall back upon, while our women as a majority have not learned the proper care of themselves, and again the drudging labor to which the men allow the women to be subjected, tells. I might go on producing facts to be, we are gradually developing into a great race, each oppressive law doing the part in the act of development. Yours Truly, C.J., Searcy, Ark., Aug. 10th. [From the Freeman, August 15, 1891]"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The Indianapolis Freeman, August 15, 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1677"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1676","title":"Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["In 1891, the small town of Searcy in White County, outlawed African-Americans from drinking from the same city spring as its white citizens.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Searcy -- Segregation -- Searcy -- White County","Prohibited From Drinking Water Searcy, Ark., Special to the Freeman The situation of affairs in Arkansas is rather interesting. In a few days the Separate Coach law goes into effect. The summary process of lynching supposed criminals of African descent goes on in regular order. It is quite the fashion in the South. We had a case of it within a few miles of us very recently, but we have in the quiet and aristocratic town of Searcy, an entirely new phase of race hated and oppression. There is here a public park containing 4 available, and according to repute, health restoring springs; the owner of this property gave it over to the town with the understanding that all persons should have access to the springs thereof and drink of the beneficial waters. The town council has the power to pass ordinances for the regulation of the same. In the Spring Park is a sulphur spring, giving forth its water very feely, and many people resorted hitherto to drink but it came upon a time during the water-drinking, that some of our rank bourbons from some way-back Negro-killing counties came and took board at the hotels; as might be expected, they went to the spring to drink and undoubtedly they must have taken a great attachment to the waters, but much to the disgust, astonishment, and inconceivable chagrin of these most noble bourbons aforesaid, the Afro-Americans of the Community, came up also, drank of the water as if they too, enjoyed drinking it. The aforesaid bourbons were so exercised over the final conception of the fact, that they had drank from the same spring as a Negro, went back to the hotel and reported very indignantly against such unprecedented acts of humanity, threatening that if they must be wantonly subjected to the humiliation of drinking from the same springs as the Negroes, they would be deprived the town of the benefit of their board bill, and go home never return here any more. Suddenly many of the precious white church members and unbelievers of the won found out that they, too, did not like to drink from the same spring as their dark-skinned fellowman. The kind and considerate city fathers, hearing of the grievance of the people (that means the white inhabitants; black ones are never “the people,” or any part of the people, when it comes to legal consideration,) they very solicitously undertook the remedy. With characteristic mysteriousness of purposes, they went to work and had a pipe laid and an artificial sulphur springs was made. Then the council met and perambulated the “comfort of visitors and citizens of the town of Searcy” giving the colored man what he has never been changed with having-very much of a black eye, metaphorically speaking. They then formulated and finally passed an ordinance requiring the colored people to sit on the south side of the main ditch and drink water from and at the artificial sulphur spring. Imposing a fine upon those who should dare to drink at any of the other springs, which God had so arranged as to come on the north side of the ditch which they had cut and had now taken as the boundary (sic) line of their exclusive portion of the park. The black people held a public meeting and drew up resolutions protesting against such discrimination, in a manner that would have done credit to Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson, but these were referred to a committee and laid over. What will be done about it, we can’t say, but if we want any water now and don’t want to be outlawed, we must carry a bucket and dip it up and carry it away, our ebony hue making us entirely too much unqualified to drink it at the original spring. We see that one of your contributors is very much perplexed over the decreasing per cent of the Negro population of this country. If he will take a few plain facts into consideration, he will find out that the question is not so unfathomable. First, the people are populating this country by immigration for Europe; in the next place, in the Southern States where Negroes are most numerous, they don’t acre to"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The Indianapolis Freeman, August 15, 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1678"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1810","title":"Tillman Bill","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["A notice inviting black citizens of Little Rock to comment on the \"Separate Car Bill\" (Tillman Bill).","Civil Rights -- African-Americans -- Blacks Separate Coach Law -- Little Rock","A Mass Meeting To the Editor of the Gazette: We desire to state through the me- dium of your paper, that through the kindness of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the colored citizens of Little Rock have been accorded the privilige of holding a public meeting in the hall of the House of Representatives, tonight, Tuesday, January 27, at 7:30 p.m, for the purpose of stating their position (which has been somewhat misstated) upon the Separate Car Bill, which is now pending before the Legislature of our State. The public generally are respect- fully invited to attend, and the mem- bers of both Houses of the Legisla- ture particularly. Good order will be maintained and the best sentiment expressed. Nothing will be said to offend the most fas- tidious. Respectfully. THE COLORED CITIZENS"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Arkansas Gazette"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Tillman Bill"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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