Little Rock Central High School Integration
Background:
The desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, gained national attention on September 3, 1957, when Governor Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard in an effort to prevent nine African American students from integrating the high school. After several failed attempts to negotiate with Faubus, President Dwight D. Eisenhower took action against the defiant governor by simultaneously federalizing the Arkansas National Guard, removing the Guard from Faubus' control, and ordering one thousand troops from the United States Army 101st Airborne Division in Ft. Campbell, Kentucky to oversee the integration. On September 25, 1957 the students, now known as the Little Rock Nine, entered Central High School, an academically renowned school with an enrollment of approximately two thousand white students. Despite suffering constant torment and discrimination from their classmates, eight of the nine students completed the school year at Central High School.
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Archival Collections and Reference Resources
- African American Odyssey (Library of Congress)
- Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library. (Digital Library of Georgia)
- --And having writ-- moves on-- / Baldy, 1959 Aug. 13 [i.e., 12] (Editorial cartoons)
- Johnny can read / Baldy, 1958 Nov. 20. (Editorial cartoons)
- Slow train through Arkansas / Baldy, 1957 Sept. 5 (Editorial cartoons)
- The spotlight shifts at Little Rock / Baldy, 1957 Oct. 1 [i.e., 1958 Aug. 24]. (Editorial cartoons)
- --We can all work together-- like we did with Orval Faubus! / Baldy, 1962 July 19 (Editorial cartoons)
- The Civil Rights Era in the U.S. News & World Report Photographs Collection: Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress (Library of Congress)
- Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive (University of Southern Mississippi Libraries)
- Edwin Dalstrom Papers (University of Memphis. Special Collections Dept.)
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture (Richard C. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies)
- Aaron v. Cooper (Articles)
- Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR) (Articles)
- Bennett, Bruce (Articles)
- Daisy Lee Gatson Bates (Articles)
- Desegregation of Central High School (Articles)
- Green, Ernest Gideon (Articles)
- Harry Scott Ashmore (1916-1998) (Articles)
- Hays, Lawrence Brooks (Articles)
- Henley, Jesse Smith (Articles)
- Lamb, Theodore Lafayette, 1927-1984 (Articles)
- The lost year (Articles)
- Panel of American Women (Articles)
- Trickey, Minnijean Brown (Articles)
- Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools (WEC) (Articles)
- Greensboro Voices: Voicing Observations in Civil Rights and Equality struggles (University of North Carolina at Greensboro's University Libraries)
- March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries)
- Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement (Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill))
- Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower (Dwight D. Eisenhower Library)
- Diary notes dictated by President Eisenhower regarding visit with Governor Faubus (Texts (document genres))
- Letter from President Eisenhower to General Gruenther (Letters (correspondence))
- Letter from President Eisenhower to Senator Richard B. Russell (Letters (correspondence))
- Memorandum of telephone call (Texts (document genres))
- Memorandum of telephone call between President Eisenhower and Attorney General (Memorandums)
- Notes by President Eisenhower on decision to send federal troops to Little Rock (Notes)
- Photograph of Governor Faubus following a conference on Central High School integration crisis (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower, Orval E. Faubus and L. Brooks Hays (Black-and-white photographs)
- Photograph of President Eisenhower, White House Press Secretary James Hagerty, and Captain Evan P. Aurand leaving Newport to return to Washington, D.C. (Black-and-white photographs)
- Presidential appointment book (Appointment books)
- Press release of the address by President Eisenhower (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Executive Order 10730, Providing assistance for the removal of an obstruction of justice within the state of Arkansas (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding Little Rock situation (Press releases)
- Press release regarding obstruction of justice in the state of Arkansas (Press releases)
- Press release regarding telegram sent to Governor Faubus (Press releases)
- Recording of a radio address by President Eisenhower (Sound recordings)
- Recording of press conference by President Eisenhower (Sound recordings)
- Situation report No. 233 (Reports)
- Telegram from Georgia Senator Richard B. Russell to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Governor Faubus to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Telegram from parents of nine African-American students to President Eisenhower (Telegrams)
- Voices of Freedom: The Virginia Civil Rights Movement (Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries)
- Wisconsin Historical Images (Wisconsin Historical Society)
- With an Even Hand: Brown vs. Board at Fifty (Library of Congress)
- Daisy Bates to Roy Wilkins on the treatment of the Little Rock Nine (Letters (correspondence))
- A group of African-American students leaving Central High School, under trooper escort, Little Rock, Arkansas (Photographic prints)
- ["What is done in our classrooms today will be reflected in the successes or failures of civilization tomorrow." Lindly C. Baxter]. (Editorial cartoons)
- WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection (Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students--the "Little Rock Nine"--integrating Central High School and white students burning an effigy in protest in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 October 3 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Orval Faubus claiming that Arkansas is a territory occupied by the United States in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 26 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of president Dwight D. Eisenhower making a public statement about the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from the White House in Washington, D.C., 1957 September 24 (Moving images)
- WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporters interviewing students who leave school to protest integration by the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 25 (Moving images)