Freedom Rides

Background:

On May 4, 1961, an interracial group of student activists under the auspices of the Congress of Racial Equality departed Washington D.C. by bus to test local compliance throughout the Deep South with two Supreme Court rulings banning segregated accommodations on interstate buses and in bus terminals that served interstate routes. The "Freedom Riders" traveled with limited difficulty through North Carolina, Georgia, and South Carolina, but encountered violent resistance in Alabama. A mob of angry whites firebombed one of their buses outside the city of Anniston, and riders were severely beaten in Birmingham and Montgomery. Although injuries prevented many of the original participants from continuing, activists from the Student Nonviolent Committee volunteered to ride in their place, and the reconstituted freedom riders traveled under federal protection to Mississippi where they were arrested and jailed. At the behest of the Kennedy Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued an order on November 1, 1961 banning segregation in all facilities under its jurisdiction. The following December, a group of freedom riders traveled by train from Atlanta to Albany, Georgia to test the ruling. Their arrest by local authorities helped to invigorate the Albany Movement, which would later be regarded as one of the most significant developments of the civil rights era.

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Archival Collections and Reference Resources

• African American Odyssey (Library of Congress)
  • Background map: 1961 Freedom Rides (Maps)
• Encyclopedia of Alabama (Encyclopedia of Alabama)
  • Freedom Rides (Articles)
  • Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama (Articles)
• Greensboro Voices: Voicing Observations in Civil Rights and Equality struggles (University of North Carolina at Greensboro's University Libraries)
  • Oral history interview with B. Elton Cox (Oral histories)
  • Oral history interview with Janet C. Boyte (Oral histories)
• Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement (Smoking Gun)
  • Bernard Scott Lee (Identification photographs)
  • Clyde Larocque Carter (Identification photographs)
  • David Everett Swift (Identification photographs)
  • Fred Lee Shuttlesworth (Identification photographs)
  • Gaylord Brewster Noyce (Identification photographs)
  • George Bundy Smith (Identification photographs)
  • John David Maguire (Identification photographs)
  • Joseph Charles Jones (Identification photographs)
  • Ralph David Abernathy (Identification photographs)
  • William Sloane Coffin (Identification photographs)
  • Wyatt Tee Walker (Identification photographs)
• New Georgia Encyclopedia (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
  • Freedom Rides (Articles)
• Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement (Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill))
  • Oral history interview with John Lewis, November 20, 1973 (Transcripts)
  • Oral history interview with John Seigenthaler, December 24 and 26, 1974 (Transcripts)
• Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006, Photographs (Mississippi Department of Archives and History)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Abraham Bassford following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Alan Kaufman following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Albert Barouh [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Albert Forrest Gordon following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Albert L. Dunn following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Albert Roy Huddleson [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Alexander Mattahan Anderson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Alexander Weiss following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Allen Cason, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Allen [sic] Levine following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Alpha Zara Palmer following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Alphonso Kelly Petway following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Arthur Brooks, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Barbara Jane Kay following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Bernard LaFayette, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Buron Lewis Teale [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Byron Mark Baer following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of C. T. Vivian following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Candida Lall following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Carol Silver following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Carolyn Yvonne Reed following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Carroll Gary Barber following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Catherine Burks following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Catherine Jo Prensky following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles A. Haynie following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles Biggers following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles Butler following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles David Myers following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles G. Sellers, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Charles Henry Booth following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Claire Drew Toombs following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Claire O'Conner [sic] following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Clarence Lloyd Thomas, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Clarence Melvin Wright following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Claude Albert Liggins following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Cordell Hull Reagon following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Daniel Burkholder following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Daniel Ray Thompson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 14 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Daniel Stevens following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of David Brokaw Frankhauser [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of David Dennis following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of David Kerr Morton following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of David Loring [sic] Richards following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Del Greenblatt following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Dion Tyrone Diamond following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Donna Sage Garde following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Doris Castle following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Douglas Albert Williams following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Earnest [sic] Patton, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Eddora Mae Manning following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Edmon Dalbert, Jr. [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Edward B. Johnson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Edward Bromberg following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Edward William Kale following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Elizabeth Hirshfeld [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Elizabeth Porter Wyckoff following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Elizabeth S. Adler following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ellen Lee Ziskind following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Elmer L. Brown following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Elnora R. Price following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ernest Newell Weber following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Etta Marie Simpson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Eugene John Uphoff following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Eugene Levine following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 19 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Felix Jacques Singer following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frances Lee Wilson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Francis L. Geddes following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frank Arthur Nelson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frank Caston following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frank G. Holloway following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frank Johnson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frank Lee Griffin following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Franklin W. Hunt following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Frederick Leonard following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Fredrick [sic] Muntean following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Geoffrey Sedgewick [sic] Simpson following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of George Marion Blevins following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Gilbert S. Avery III following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride with Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Glinda [sic] Gaither following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Gloria Leavarn-Dee [sic] Bouknight following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Gordon Lau Harris following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Gwendalyn [sic] C. Jenkins following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Gwendolyn Green [sic] following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Harold Andrews following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Harry [sic] Peter Stoner following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Heath Rush following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Helen Irene Singleton following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Helene Dorothy Wilson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Henry Schwarzchild [sic] (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Henry Thomas following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Herbert S. Mann following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Hilmar Pabel following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Isaac Reynolds, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jack Mikhail Wolfson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Edward Warren following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Emerson Dennis following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James G. Jones following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Keet Davis, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James L. Bevel following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James L. Farmer following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James McDonough following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Pleasant Breeden following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Robert Wahlstrom following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 31 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Robert Wahlstrom following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James T. Carey following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James Walker Evans following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jan L. Triggs following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jane Ellen Rosett following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Janis [sic] Louise Rogers following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jean C. Thompson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jean Estil Kidwell Pestana following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jeanne Forry Herrick [sic] following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jerome M. [sic] Smith following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jesse James Harris following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joan Pleune following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joan Trumpower [sic] following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joe Henry Griffith following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joel Ben Greenberg following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joesph Edward Gerbac following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John B. Morris following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Charles Taylor, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Copeland Rogers following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Crocker, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Goodrich Gager, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John L. Copeland following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Lewis following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Lowry following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John Luther Doland [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John M. Evans following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John P. [sic] Moody following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of John R. Washington following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Johnny Frank Ashford following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jorgia B. Yvonne Siegel following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joseph Carter following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joseph Henry Gumbiner following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joseph John Michael McDonald following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joseph Lee Ross following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Joseph M. Pratt following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Judith Ann Frieze following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Judith Norene Scroggins following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Julia Aaron following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Karen Elizabeth Kytle following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Katherine A. Pleune following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Kenneth Martin Shilman following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Kredelle Petway following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Larry Bell following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Larry Hunter following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lawrence Triss, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leo Vernon Washington following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leon Daniel Horne following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leon N. Rice following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leon Russ, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leora Berman following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leotis Thornton following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leroy Glenn Wright following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Leslie Word following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lester Gene McKinnie following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lestra Peterson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lewell A. Woods, Jr. [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lionel Goldbart [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lonnie Thurman following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Louise Jean Inghram following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lucretia Collins following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Lula Mae White following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mack Charles Wells following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Marcia Arlene Rosenbaum following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Margaret Ann Kerr following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Margaret Burr Leonard following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Margaret Lois Ihra following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Marian Alice Kendall following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Marilyn Irene Eisenberg following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mark Lane following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Marvin Davidov following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mary Freelon following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mary Jean Smith following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mary L. Jorgensen following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mary Lucille Hamilton following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Mary Magdalene Harrison following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Matthew Petway following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Matthew Walker, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Max Gregory Pavesic following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Melvin Lorenze White, Jr. [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Merrill Orne Young following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Meryle Joy Reagon following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Michael Harry Powell following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Michael J. Audain following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Michael Leon Prichard [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Michael R. Grubbs following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Miriam Feingold following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Morton Bruce Slater following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Morton G. Linder following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Myron Barnett Bloy Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Norma Libson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Norma Maztkin following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Obadiah Simms following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Orville B. Luster following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Patricia Bryant following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Patricia Dale Baskerville following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Paul Brienes [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Paul D. Deitrich [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Paul Duncan McConnell following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Paul Green following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Pauline Edythe Knight following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Pauline Kathleen Sims following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Percy E. Sutton following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Peter Ackerberg following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Peter Sterling following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Philip Jonathan Perkins following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Philip M. Posner following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Phillip Jay Havey following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Price Chatham following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Quinland Reeves Gordon following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ralph Alan Williams following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ralph Edward Washington following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ralph Robert Rogers following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ray Allen Cooper following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Raymond B. Randolph, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Raymond George, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reginald Jackson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reginald Malcom Green following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend Grady H. Donald following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend Grant Harland Muse following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend James M. Lawson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend Leon Smith, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend Richard LeRoy Gleason following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend Robert Wesby following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Richard Lewis Zuchman following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Richard Paul Griswold following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Richard Steward following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Richard Thorne following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Rick Stanley Ogilvie Sheviakov following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Rita Carter following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Allen Miller following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Earl Filner following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert L. Pierson following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Lawrence Heller following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Lee Jenkins following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 7 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Lewis Owens following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Martinson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Miller Baum following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert P. Taylor following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert Singleton following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Robert William Mason following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Roena Rand following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Rose Schorr Rosenbert [sic]following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 15 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ruby Doris Smith following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 2 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Rudolph Mitaritenna [sic]following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Russell F. Jorgensen following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Ruth Ester [sic] Moskowitz following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Sally Jane Rowley following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 29 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Sam-Jo [sic] Townsend following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Samuel Timothy Nash following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Sandra Nixon following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Saul Bernard Manfield following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Shirley B. Smith following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Shirley Thompson following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Stephen Greenstein following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Stephen John Green following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 10 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Stokely Carmichael following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Tanya Wren following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Terry John Sullivan following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Terry Susan Perlman [sic] following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Theresa E. Walker following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Thomas A. Cecil following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 24 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Thomas Madison Armstrong, III following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 23 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Thomas Van Roland following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Tommie Eldredge Brashear [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Tommie Watts, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Travis O. Britt following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Vernon Powell Woodward following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Wayne Leslie Taylor following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 25 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of West David [sic] Phillips following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 6 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Andrew Wendt following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride of Episcopal clergymen, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 September 13 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Benjamin Mitchell following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William E. Harbour following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Hooker Svanoe [sic] following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 16 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Leons following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Mahoney following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 28 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Wagoner following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 20 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of William Walter Hansen, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Willie James Thomas following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 8 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Winonah [sic] Beamer following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 9 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Winston Fuller following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 30 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Woollcodt [sic] Smith following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 July 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Wyatt Tee Walker following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 21 (Black-and-white photographs)
  • Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Zev Aelony following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 June 11 (Black-and-white photographs)
• USM Historical Manuscripts (University of Southern Mississippi)
  • Arrest record and offense reports (Federal government records)
  • FBI file #157-333 regarding arrest of freedom riders; July 14, 1961 (Federal government records)
  • FBI file, freedom ride, 1961 (Federal government records)
  • FBI teletype, SAC Mobile to Director FBI and SAC-S New Orleans, New York, and Chicago; July 9, 1961 (Federal government records)
  • SAC New Orleans to Director, FBI; October 11, 1961 (Federal government records)
  • Songs of the Southern freedom movement; [n.d.] (Songs)
• USM Oral History (University of Southern Mississippi)
  • Oral history with Mr. Fred Winyard (Transcripts)
  • Oral history with Mr. Hollis Watkins (Transcripts)
  • Oral history with Professor Charles Marx, State highway patrolman, retired (Transcripts)
• Voices of Civil Rights (Library of Congress)
  • Freedom group hang signs on bus (Black-and-white photographs)
• WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection (Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a burned out Greyhound bus and injured Freedom Riders in the hospital in Anniston, Alabama, 1961 May 14 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a mass meeting held at First Baptist Church where Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. encourages nonviolence during a riot outside, Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 21 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a press conference during which Alabama governor John Patterson condemns the Freedom Riders for instigating racial trouble and demands that the Freedom Riders and Martin Luther King, Jr. leave the state, Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 23 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a press conference with comments by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. about the Freedom Ride, Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 23 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a rally in support of the Freedom Riders held at Battery Park and at the foot of the Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island in New York City, New York, 1961 August 13 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a reporter speaking to Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield about race relations in Atlanta, Georgia and about the Freedom Rides, Washington, D.C., 1961 May 25 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Trailways bus driving through downtown and then parking at a bus station and police arresting two African American female Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama National Guardsmen protecting an interracial group of Freedom Riders as they arrive at the Greyhound bus terminal in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 24 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of Freedom Riders holding a press conference before leaving Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 May 24 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an unidentified official from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) speaking to a reporter about ongoing the Freedom Rides, New York City, New York, 1961 May or June (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Assistant Attorney General Byron White speaking to reporters about the presence of federal marshals following an attack on the Freedom Riders in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights workers arrested during the Freedom Ride going to court to appeal their arrests in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of lunch counter employees shutting down operations to avoid integration, and Freedom Riders sitting in the Trailways bus terminal and then being arrested in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police commissioner L. B. Sullivan speaking about the Freedom Rides and about race riots in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 21 (Moving images)
  • WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing United States attorney general Robert F. Kennedy about the Freedom Rides and about school integration, Washington, D.C., 1961 (Moving images)

Educator Resources

• Teachers' Domain Civil Rights Special Collection (WGBH Educational Foundation)
  • Burke Marshall (Instructional materials)
  • Diane Nash and the sit-ins (Instructional materials)
  • James Farmer and the Freedom Rides (Instructional materials)
  • Jim Zwerg (Instructional materials)
  • Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael) (Instructional materials)
  • Movement music medley (Instructional materials)
  • Rev. C. T. Vivian (Instructional materials)
  • Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth (Instructional materials)

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